PMID- 38322674
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240210
IS  - 2307-8960 (Print)
IS  - 2307-8960 (Electronic)
IS  - 2307-8960 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 4
DP  - 2024 Feb 6
TI  - Gestational diabetes mellitus combined with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, 
      four cases of double diabetes: A case report.
PG  - 787-794
LID - 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i4.787 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) that occurs during 
      pregnancy or the perinatal period is known as pregnancy-related FT1DM (PF), 
      always without history of abnormal glucose metabolism. Here, we present four 
      patients who developed FT1DM during treatment but were first diagnosed with 
      gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). CASE SUMMARY: The clinical data of four 
      patients with GDM combined with FT1DM admitted to our hospital between July 2018 
      and April 2021 were collected, and the patients and their infants were followed 
      up. All patients were diagnosed with GDM during the second trimester and were 
      treated. The blood glucose level elevated suddenly during the third trimester and 
      then were diagnosed with FT1DM. Two patients had an insulin allergy, and two had 
      symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection before onset. One patient developed 
      ketoacidosis, and three developed ketosis. Two patients had cesarean section 
      deliveries, and two had vaginal deliveries. The growth and development of the 
      infants were normal. C-peptide levels were lower than those at onset, suggesting 
      progressive impairment of islet function. The frequencies of the DRB1 09:01, DQB1 
      03: 03, DQA1 03:02, DPA1 01:03, DPA1 02:02, DPB1 05:01, DRB4 01:03, G 01:01, and 
      G 01:04 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G alleles were high in the present study. 
      CONCLUSION: In comparison with pregnancy-associated FT1DM (PF), patients with GDM 
      combined with FT1DM had an older age of onset, higher body mass index, slower 
      onset, fewer prodromal symptoms, and less acidosis. The pathogenesis may be due 
      to various factors affecting the already fragile beta-cells of GDM patients with 
      genetically susceptible class II HLA genotypes. We speculate that GDM combined 
      with FT1DM during pregnancy, referred to as "double diabetes," is a subtype of PF 
      with its own unique characteristics that should be investigated further.
CI  - (c)The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights 
      reserved.
FAU - Li, Hui
AU  - Li H
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General 
      Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
FAU - Chai, Yun
AU  - Chai Y
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General 
      Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
FAU - Guo, Wei-Hong
AU  - Guo WH
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General 
      Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
FAU - Huang, Yu-Meng
AU  - Huang YM
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General 
      Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
FAU - Zhang, Xiao-Na
AU  - Zhang XN
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General 
      Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
FAU - Feng, Wen-Li
AU  - Feng WL
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General 
      Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
FAU - He, Qing
AU  - He Q
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General 
      Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
FAU - Cui, Jin
AU  - Cui J
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General 
      Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China. cuijin2001@163.com.
FAU - Liu, Ming
AU  - Liu M
AD  - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General 
      Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PL  - United States
TA  - World J Clin Cases
JT  - World journal of clinical cases
JID - 101618806
PMC - PMC10841125
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Case report
OT  - Double diabetes
OT  - Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus
OT  - Gestational diabetes mellitus
OT  - Pregnancy-related fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus
COIS- Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of 
      interest.
EDAT- 2024/02/07 06:42
MHDA- 2024/02/07 06:43
PMCR- 2024/02/06
CRDT- 2024/02/07 04:04
PHST- 2023/09/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/02/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/07 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/02/07 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/02/07 04:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/02/06 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i4.787 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - World J Clin Cases. 2024 Feb 6;12(4):787-794. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i4.787.