PMID- 38325469 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240222 LR - 20240222 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 918 DP - 2024 Mar 25 TI - Occurrence and distribution of trisiloxane ethoxylates in citrus orchard soils in China: Analytical challenges. PG - 170603 LID - S0048-9697(24)00741-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170603 [doi] AB - Trisiloxane ethoxylates (TSEOn) are widely used as agricultural surfactants due to their significant synergism with the active ingredients of pesticides, generally, including three typical end groups which are hydroxyl (TSEOn-H), methoxy (TSEOn-CH(3)), and acetoxy (TSEOn-COCH(3)), respectively. However, the potential ecotoxicological and endocrine-disrupting risks of TSEOn congeners have recently attracted ever-growing concern. Above all, there is limited research on the concentration levels of TSEOn in agroecosystems. This study, simultaneous analysis of 39 TSEOn oligomers in citrus orchard soils in China was implemented by the modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method detection limits (MDLs) and the method quantification limits (MQLs) for TSEOn were 0.003-0.07 mug/kg and 0.01-0.20 mug/kg, respectively. The recoveries for TSEOn oligomers in soils ranged from 81 % approximately 106 % with related standard deviations (RSDs) < 7 %. This newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method with high sensitivity and stability allows us to successfully trace the occurrence of TSEOn congeners in the citrus orchard soils from 3 provinces and 1 municipality in China. The detected concentrations of TSEOn-H oligomers in the sampled soils ranged from 0.02 to 0.288 mug/kg (dry weight). The congener profiles of TSEOn-H were dominated by TSEOn-H (n = 6- 8) in the soils. Additionally, the total concentrations of TSEOn-H congeners (SigmaTSEOn-H) in the soils were in the range of 0.03 to 1.49 mug/kg. A comparison of SigmaTSEOn-H distribution among the different citrus orchard soils indicated a higher level of SigmaTSEOn-H in the soil samples collected from Zhejiang Province. Notably, TSEOn-CH(3) or TSEOn-COCH(3) oligomers were not detected in the tested soils. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence and distribution of TSEOn congeners in agricultural soils. CI - Copyright (c) 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V. FAU - Li, Simeng AU - Li S AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Yue, Ning AU - Yue N AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Li, Minjie AU - Li M AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing 102209, China. FAU - Li, Xiaohui AU - Li X AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Li, Bowen AU - Li B AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Wang, Hongping AU - Wang H AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Wang, Jing AU - Wang J AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Jin, Fen AU - Jin F AD - Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: jinfen@caas.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240206 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 RN - 0 (Soil) RN - 0 (trisiloxane ethoxylate) RN - 0 (Siloxanes) SB - IM MH - Chromatography, Liquid MH - *Soil MH - Tandem Mass Spectrometry MH - *Citrus MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Solid Phase Extraction MH - *Siloxanes OTO - NOTNLM OT - Citrus orchard soils OT - Congener profiles OT - Oligomers OT - Trisiloxane ethoxylates OT - UPLC-MS/MS COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2024/02/08 00:42 MHDA- 2024/02/22 06:43 CRDT- 2024/02/07 19:13 PHST- 2023/12/17 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/01/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/01/29 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/02/22 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/02/08 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/02/07 19:13 [entrez] AID - S0048-9697(24)00741-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170603 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2024 Mar 25;918:170603. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170603. Epub 2024 Feb 6.