PMID- 38338785 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240214 LR - 20240214 IS - 1422-0067 (Electronic) IS - 1422-0067 (Linking) VI - 25 IP - 3 DP - 2024 Jan 25 TI - Exosomal Osteoclast-Derived miRNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Their Pathogenesis in Bone Erosion to New Therapeutic Approaches. LID - 10.3390/ijms25031506 [doi] LID - 1506 AB - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, pain, and ultimately, bone erosion of the joints. The causes of this disease are multifactorial, including genetic factors, such as the presence of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*04 variant, alterations in the microbiota, or immune factors including increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), neutrophils, or elevated M1 macrophages which, taken together, produce high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we focused on the function exerted by osteoclasts on osteoblasts and other osteoclasts by means of the release of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs). Based on a thorough revision, we classified these molecules into three categories according to their function: osteoclast inhibitors (miR-23a, miR-29b, and miR-214), osteoblast inhibitors (miR-22-3p, miR-26a, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-125b, and miR-146a), and osteoblast enhancers (miR-20a, miR-34a, miR-96, miR-106a, miR-142, miR-199a, miR-324, and miR-486b). Finally, we analyzed potential therapeutic targets of these exosomal miRNAs, such as the use of antagomiRs, blockmiRs, agomiRs and competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which are already being tested in murine and ex vivo models of RA. These strategies might have an important role in reestablishing the regulation of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation making progress in the development of personalized medicine. FAU - Pascual-Garcia, Sandra AU - Pascual-Garcia S AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0536-1185 AD - Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. FAU - Martinez-Peinado, Pascual AU - Martinez-Peinado P AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4370-5468 AD - Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. FAU - Pujalte-Satorre, Carolina AU - Pujalte-Satorre C AD - Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. FAU - Navarro-Sempere, Alicia AU - Navarro-Sempere A AD - Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. FAU - Esteve-Girbes, Jorge AU - Esteve-Girbes J AD - Department of Legal Studies of the State, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. FAU - Lopez-Jaen, Ana B AU - Lopez-Jaen AB AD - Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. FAU - Javaloyes-Anton, Juan AU - Javaloyes-Anton J AD - Department of Physics, Systems Engineering and Signal Theory, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. FAU - Cobo-Velacoracho, Raul AU - Cobo-Velacoracho R AD - Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. FAU - Navarro-Blasco, Francisco J AU - Navarro-Blasco FJ AD - Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. AD - Rheumatology Unit, University General Hospital of Elche, 03203 Elche, Spain. FAU - Sempere-Ortells, Jose M AU - Sempere-Ortells JM AD - Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. LA - eng GR - CIGE/2021/162/Generalitat Valenciana/ GR - GRE21-17/University of Alicante/ PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20240125 PL - Switzerland TA - Int J Mol Sci JT - International journal of molecular sciences JID - 101092791 RN - 0 (MicroRNAs) RN - 0 (Antagomirs) RN - 0 (MIRN214 microRNA, human) RN - 0 (MIRN324 microRNA, human) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Mice MH - Animals MH - Osteoclasts/pathology MH - *MicroRNAs/genetics MH - *Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics/pathology MH - Osteoblasts/pathology MH - Macrophages/pathology MH - Antagomirs PMC - PMC10855630 OTO - NOTNLM OT - exosomes OT - miRNAs OT - osteoblast OT - osteoclast OT - rheumatoid arthritis COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2024/02/10 10:49 MHDA- 2024/02/10 10:50 PMCR- 2024/01/25 CRDT- 2024/02/10 01:11 PHST- 2023/12/20 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/01/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/01/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/02/10 10:50 [medline] PHST- 2024/02/10 10:49 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/02/10 01:11 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - ijms25031506 [pii] AID - ijms-25-01506 [pii] AID - 10.3390/ijms25031506 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 25;25(3):1506. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031506.