PMID- 38356860 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240216 IS - 2296-861X (Print) IS - 2296-861X (Electronic) IS - 2296-861X (Linking) VI - 11 DP - 2024 TI - Ultra-processed food consumption and metabolic disease risk: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies. PG - 1306310 LID - 10.3389/fnut.2024.1306310 [doi] LID - 1306310 AB - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There is an ongoing debate on whether to advocate reducing ultra-processed food (UPF) in dietary guidelines to control metabolic disease (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]). We aimed to summarize the evidence from systematic reviews with meta-analyses between UPF consumption and metabolic diseases risk, assess the credibility, and verify the robustness of these associations. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to July 15, 2023, to identify relevant systematic reviews with meta-analyses. We used the random-effects model to evaluate the summary effect size, along with 95% confidence interval and prediction interval. We also assessed heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects and excess significance bias, and categorized the credibility of each association based on quantitative umbrella review criteria. Additionally, we conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of associations based on continents, study design, dietary assessment methods, definition methods of UPF, population, and units of UPF consumption. RESULTS: Overall, 6 systematic reviews with 13 meta-analyses were included. Three (23.08%) meta-analyses were classified as highly suggestive evidence for meeting the criteria that associations were significant at p < 10(-6), had more than 1,000 cases, and presented the largest study with significance at p < 0.05. Among them, the highest UPF consumption quantile was associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.36-1.77) when compared with the lowest UPF consumption quantile. The highest UPF consumption quantile was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.23-1.59) when compared with the lowest UPF consumption quantile, and a 10% increase in UPF consumption (% g/d) was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10-1.13). Meanwhile, the robustness of these associations was verified by a series of subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: UPF consumption may be a risk factor for several metabolic diseases. However, well-designed studies are still needed to verify our findings in the future. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 Lv, Wei, Sun, Shi, Liu, Sun, Chang, Wu and Zhao. FAU - Lv, Jia-Le AU - Lv JL AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. FAU - Wei, Yi-Fan AU - Wei YF AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. FAU - Sun, Jia-Nan AU - Sun JN AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. FAU - Shi, Yu-Chen AU - Shi YC AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. FAU - Liu, Fang-Hua AU - Liu FH AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. FAU - Sun, Ming-Hui AU - Sun MH AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. FAU - Chang, Qing AU - Chang Q AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. FAU - Wu, Qi-Jun AU - Wu QJ AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. FAU - Zhao, Yu-Hong AU - Zhao YH AD - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. AD - Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. LA - eng PT - Systematic Review DEP - 20240131 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Nutr JT - Frontiers in nutrition JID - 101642264 PMC - PMC10864658 OTO - NOTNLM OT - meta-analysis OT - metabolic diseases OT - observational study OT - ultra-processed food OT - umbrella review COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2024/02/15 06:43 MHDA- 2024/02/15 06:44 PMCR- 2024/01/01 CRDT- 2024/02/15 04:08 PHST- 2023/10/03 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/01/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/02/15 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/02/15 06:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/02/15 04:08 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fnut.2024.1306310 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Nutr. 2024 Jan 31;11:1306310. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1306310. eCollection 2024.