PMID- 38360741 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240219 LR - 20240219 IS - 1472-6874 (Electronic) IS - 1472-6874 (Linking) VI - 24 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Feb 16 TI - High-protein diet scores, macronutrient substitution, and breast cancer risk: insights from substitution analysis. PG - 121 LID - 10.1186/s12905-024-02959-7 [doi] LID - 121 AB - BACKGROUND: Evidence from recent studies suggested that variation in the quantity and quality of macronutrients in the diet may potentially play a role in predicting the risk of breast cancer (BC). In the current study, we aimed to assess the association of different high-protein diet scores and replacing fats and carbohydrate (CHO) with protein in the diet with the BC risk among Iranian women. METHODS: The current hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 401 participants, aged >/= 30 years old, including 134 women in the case group who had been diagnosed with histologically confirmed BC and 267 women in the control group. Dietary intake data was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and high protein diet scores were determined. Logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of BC across tertiles of high protein diet scores. Also, we assessed how substituting protein with other macronutrients affected BC odds while adjusting for the various confounding variables. RESULTS: Participants' mean +/- SD of age and body mass index were 47.9 +/- 10.3 years and 29.4 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2), respectively. The scores of high-protein-low-CHO and fat diet, high-protein and CHO-low-fat diet, and high-protein and fat-low-CHO diet in participants were 16.5 +/- 3.8, 16.5 +/- 6.7, and 16.4 +/- 5.9, respectively. In the multivariable model, individuals in the highest tertile of high-protein-low-CHO and fat diet score (OR:0.71;95%CI:0.56-0.90) and high-protein and CHO-low-fat diet (OR:0.76;95%CI:0.60-0.97) had lower odds of BC compared to those in the lowest tertile (P < 0.05). However, no significant association was found between high-protein and fat-low-CHO diet and BC risk. Our results showed that replacing fat by protein (OR(differences):-0.40;95%CI:-0.73,-0.07) and also replacing refined-CHO by plant protein (OR(differences):-0.66;95%CI:-1.26,-0.07) in the diet are associated inversely with risk of BC(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggested that higher adherence to a high-protein-low-CHO and fat diet, characterized by a higher intake of plant proteins and a lower intake of refined grains and saturated fat can play a protective role against the odds of BC. CI - (c) 2024. The Author(s). FAU - Jahromi, Mitra Kazemi AU - Jahromi MK AD - Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. FAU - Ahmadirad, Hamid AU - Ahmadirad H AD - Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Farhadnejad, Hossein AU - Farhadnejad H AD - Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Norouzzadeh, Mostafa AU - Norouzzadeh M AD - Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Mokhtari, Ebrahim AU - Mokhtari E AD - Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AD - Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. FAU - Teymoori, Farshad AU - Teymoori F AD - Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. teymoori.f68@gmail.com. AD - Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. teymoori.f68@gmail.com. FAU - Saber, Niloufar AU - Saber N AD - Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Heidari, Zeinab AU - Heidari Z AD - Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. FAU - Mirmiran, Parvin AU - Mirmiran P AD - Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Rashidkhani, Bahram AU - Rashidkhani B AD - Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. rashidkhani@yahoo.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240216 PL - England TA - BMC Womens Health JT - BMC women's health JID - 101088690 RN - 0 (Dietary Fats) RN - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates) RN - 0 (Dietary Proteins) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Adult MH - *Breast Neoplasms MH - Dietary Fats MH - Case-Control Studies MH - Iran MH - Dietary Carbohydrates MH - Dietary Proteins MH - Nutrients MH - Diet MH - *Diet, High-Protein MH - Risk Factors PMC - PMC10870721 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Adult OT - Breast cancer OT - Dietary patterns OT - High-protein COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2024/02/16 00:42 MHDA- 2024/02/19 06:44 PMCR- 2024/02/16 CRDT- 2024/02/15 23:43 PHST- 2023/10/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/02/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/02/19 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/02/16 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/02/15 23:43 [entrez] PHST- 2024/02/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12905-024-02959-7 [pii] AID - 2959 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12905-024-02959-7 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Womens Health. 2024 Feb 16;24(1):121. doi: 10.1186/s12905-024-02959-7.