PMID- 38365736 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240219 LR - 20240219 IS - 1476-069X (Electronic) IS - 1476-069X (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Feb 16 TI - Association between prenatal exposure to alkylphenols and intelligence quotient among preschool children: sex-specific effects. PG - 21 LID - 10.1186/s12940-024-01047-5 [doi] LID - 21 AB - BACKGROUND: While prenatal exposure to alkylphenols (APs) has been demonstrated to be associated with neurodevelopmental impairments in animals, the evidence from epidemiological studies remains limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the link between AP exposure during pregnancy and the intelligence quotient (IQ) of preschool children. METHODS: A total of 221 mother-child pairs from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort were recruited. Nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-T-OP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-N-NP), and 4-n-octylphenol were measured in maternal serum in early pregnancy. Childhood IQ was evaluated by the Fourth Edition of Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of the Intelligence at 3 to 6 years of age. The impact of APs on childhood IQ were evaluated by generalized linear models (GLMs), restricted cubic spline (RCS), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS: In GLMs, prenatal exposure to NP and the second tertile of 4-T-OP exhibited an inverse association with full-scale IQ (FSIQ) (beta = -2.38; 95% CI: -4.59, -0.16) and working memory index (WMI) (beta = -5.24; 95% CI: -9.58, -0.89), respectively. Prenatal exposure to the third tertile of 4-N-NP showed a positive association with the fluid reasoning index (beta = 4.95; 95% CI: 1.14, 8.77) in total children, as well as in girls when stratified by sex. A U-shaped relationship between maternal 4-T-OP and WMI was noted in total children and girls by RCS (all P nonlinear < 0.05). The combined effect primarily driven by NP, of maternal AP mixtures at concentrations above the 50th percentile exhibited an inverse trend on FSIQ in total children and girls in BKMR. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposure to various APs affects IQ in preschool children, and there may be nonmonotonic and sex-specific effects. Further investigation across the population is required to elucidate the potential neurotoxic effects of APs. CI - (c) 2024. The Author(s). FAU - Long, Jinghua AU - Long J AD - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. AD - The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Liang, Jun AU - Liang J AD - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Liu, Tao AU - Liu T AD - Huaihua Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China. FAU - Huang, Huishen AU - Huang H AD - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Chen, Jiehua AU - Chen J AD - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Liao, Qian AU - Liao Q AD - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Pang, Lixiang AU - Pang L AD - Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Yang, Kaiqi AU - Yang K AD - Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Chen, Manlin AU - Chen M AD - Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Chen, Qian AU - Chen Q AD - Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Huang, Xiaorong AU - Huang X AD - Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Zhu, Qihua AU - Zhu Q AD - Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Zeng, Xiaoyun AU - Zeng X AD - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Huang, Dongping AU - Huang D AD - Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. dongpinghuang@gxmu.edu.cn. FAU - Qiu, Xiaoqiang AU - Qiu X AD - Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China. xqqiu9999@163.com. LA - eng GR - 81860587/National Natural Science Foundation of China/ GR - AB17195012/Guangxi Key Research Program/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240216 PL - England TA - Environ Health JT - Environmental health : a global access science source JID - 101147645 RN - 79F6A2ILP5 (nonylphenol) RN - I03GBV4WEL (4-nonylphenol) RN - 0 (Phenols) SB - IM MH - Male MH - Pregnancy MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Child, Preschool MH - Child MH - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced/epidemiology MH - Bayes Theorem MH - China MH - Intelligence Tests MH - Intelligence MH - *Phenols PMC - PMC10870542 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Alkylphenols OT - Intelligence quotient OT - Prenatal OT - Preschool children OT - Sex-specificity COIS- The authors declare no competing interests. EDAT- 2024/02/17 10:43 MHDA- 2024/02/19 06:42 PMCR- 2024/02/16 CRDT- 2024/02/16 23:39 PHST- 2023/09/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/01/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/02/19 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2024/02/17 10:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/02/16 23:39 [entrez] PHST- 2024/02/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12940-024-01047-5 [pii] AID - 1047 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12940-024-01047-5 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Environ Health. 2024 Feb 16;23(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01047-5.