PMID- 38382166
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240408
LR  - 20240408
IS  - 1878-0334 (Electronic)
IS  - 1871-4021 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 2
DP  - 2024 Feb
TI  - Current status of diabetes mellitus care and management in the Philippines.
PG  - 102951
LID - S1871-4021(24)00012-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102951 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: In this paper, we discuss the existing data on the burden of diabetes in 
      the Philippines and present the status of management, prevention, and control of 
      diabetes in the country. METHODS: A review of literature was conducted to 
      synthesize the status of diabetes mellitus in the Philippines. RESULTS: An 
      estimated 4.3 million Filipinos were diagnosed with diabetes, while 2.8 million 
      remained undiagnosed in 2021. Diabetic retinopathy is a top cause of preventable 
      blindness in Region 3, Philippines. Diabetic nephropathy contributes to 38% of 
      renal disease cases in the Philippines. The 2021 Philippine Guidelines on 
      Periodic Health Examination (PhEX) advocate for the utilization of fasting blood 
      sugar (FBS) as a screening measure for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in healthy 
      adults aged 40 years and older or in those with specified risk factors. The 
      alternative option of hemoglobin A1c is (HbA1c) deemed appropriate but comes with 
      a conditional recommendation due to its uneven accessibility across different 
      regions of the country. Treatment guidelines align between the Philippines and 
      the US. Initial medical nutrition therapy involves healthy habits, progressing to 
      pharmacologic treatment if necessary. Financial constraints, seen in limited 
      insurance coverage and high out-of-pocket costs, impede care, amplifying disease 
      impact. The complex diabetes care, encompassing pharmacotherapy, nutrition, 
      exercise, and monitoring, faced challenges during COVID-19 quarantines. 
      CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the paper outlines diabetes care principles-screening, 
      diagnostics, and multidisciplinary care-alongside economic implications. Local 
      and national initiatives are discussed to mitigate diabetes trends and reduce its 
      burden in the Philippines.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 Research Trust of DiabetesIndia (DiabetesIndia) and National 
      Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC). Published by Elsevier Ltd. 
      All rights reserved.
FAU - Cando, Leslie Faye T
AU  - Cando LFT
AD  - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Quebral, Elgin Paul B
AU  - Quebral EPB
AD  - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; 
      Virology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public 
      Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Ong, Erika P
AU  - Ong EP
AD  - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Catral, Charlene Divine M
AU  - Catral CDM
AD  - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Relador, Ruth Joy L
AU  - Relador RJL
AD  - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Velasco, Adrian Jonathan D
AU  - Velasco AJD
AD  - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Alcazar, Renne Margaret U
AU  - Alcazar RMU
AD  - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Reyes, Nico Alexander L
AU  - Reyes NAL
AD  - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Pilotin, Er Joshua B
AU  - Pilotin EJB
AD  - College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Ornos, Eric David B
AU  - Ornos EDB
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the 
      Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
FAU - Paz-Pacheco, Elizabeth
AU  - Paz-Pacheco E
AD  - Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 
      University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital, Taft Avenue, Manila, 
      Philippines.
FAU - Tantengco, Ourlad Alzeus G
AU  - Tantengco OAG
AD  - Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines 
      Manila, Manila, Philippines; Department of Biology, College of Science, De La 
      Salle University, Manila, Philippines. Electronic address: ogtantengco@up.edu.ph.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20240208
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Diabetes Metab Syndr
JT  - Diabetes & metabolic syndrome
JID - 101462250
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Humans
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Philippines/epidemiology
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Diabetic Retinopathy
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diagnosis
OT  - Filipino
OT  - Gestational diabetes mellitus
OT  - Management
OT  - Type 1 diabetes mellitus
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2024/02/22 00:43
MHDA- 2024/04/08 06:43
CRDT- 2024/02/21 18:01
PHST- 2023/08/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/01/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/04/08 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/02/22 00:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/02/21 18:01 [entrez]
AID - S1871-4021(24)00012-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102951 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024 Feb;18(2):102951. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102951. Epub 
      2024 Feb 8.