PMID- 38392819
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240225
IS  - 2309-608X (Electronic)
IS  - 2309-608X (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 2
DP  - 2024 Feb 12
TI  - Rapid Classification of Serum from Patients with Paracoccidioidomycosis Using 
      Infrared Spectroscopy, Univariate Statistics, and Linear Discriminant Analysis 
      (LDA).
LID - 10.3390/jof10020147 [doi]
LID - 147
AB  - Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis that is diagnosed by 
      visualizing the fungus in clinical samples or by other methods, like serological 
      techniques. However, all PCM diagnostic methods have limitations. The aim of this 
      study was to develop a diagnostic tool for PCM based on Fourier transform 
      infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A total of 224 serum samples were included: 132 
      from PCM patients and 92 constituting the control group (50 from healthy blood 
      donors and 42 from patients with other systemic mycoses). Samples were analyzed 
      by attenuated total reflection (ATR) and a t-test was performed to find 
      differences in the spectra of the two groups. The wavenumbers that had p < 0.05 
      had their diagnostic potential evaluated using receiver operating characteristic 
      (ROC) curves. The spectral region with the lowest p value was used for variable 
      selection through principal component analysis (PCA). The selected variables were 
      used in a linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In univariate analysis, the ROC 
      curves with the best performance were obtained in the region 1551-1095 cm(-1). 
      The wavenumber that had the highest AUC value was 1264 cm(-1), achieving a 
      sensitivity of 97.73%, specificity of 76.01%, and accuracy of 94.22%. The total 
      separation of groups was obtained in the PCA performed with a spectral range of 
      1551-1095 cm(-1). LDA performed with the eight wavenumbers with the greatest 
      weight from the group discrimination in the PCA obtained 100% accuracy. The 
      methodology proposed here is simple, fast, and highly accurate, proving its 
      potential to be applied in the diagnosis of PCM. The proposed method is more 
      accurate than the currently known diagnostic methods, which is particularly 
      relevant for a neglected tropical mycosis such as paracoccidioidomycosis.
FAU - Koehler, Alessandra
AU  - Koehler A
AD  - Postgraduate Program of Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio 
      Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil.
FAU - Scroferneker, Maria Lucia
AU  - Scroferneker ML
AD  - Postgraduate Program of Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio 
      Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, ICBS, Universidade 
      Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil.
FAU - de Souza, Nikolas Mateus Pereira
AU  - de Souza NMP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4301-5187
AD  - Department of Life Sciences, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul-UNISC, Santa Cruz 
      do Sul 96815-900, Brazil.
FAU - de Moraes, Paulo Cezar
AU  - de Moraes PC
AD  - Postgraduate Program of Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio 
      Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil.
FAU - Pereira, Beatriz Aparecida Soares
AU  - Pereira BAS
AD  - Tropical Diseases Area, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 
      Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.
FAU - de Souza Cavalcante, Ricardo
AU  - de Souza Cavalcante R
AD  - Tropical Diseases Area, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 
      Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.
FAU - Mendes, Rinaldo Poncio
AU  - Mendes RP
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0661-5917
AD  - Tropical Diseases Area, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, 
      Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.
FAU - Corbellini, Valeriano Antonio
AU  - Corbellini VA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8052-5354
AD  - Department of Sciences, Humanities and Education, Postgraduate Program in Health 
      Promotion, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, Universidade de 
      Santa Cruz do Sul-UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul 96815-900, Brazil.
LA  - eng
GR  - Process number 442448/2019-8/National Council for Scientific and Technological 
      Development/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240212
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Fungi (Basel)
JT  - Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101671827
PMC - PMC10890592
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
OT  - ROC curve
OT  - linear discriminant analysis
OT  - paracoccidioidomycosis
OT  - photodiagnosis
OT  - systemic mycosis
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2024/02/23 12:42
MHDA- 2024/02/23 12:43
PMCR- 2024/02/12
CRDT- 2024/02/23 10:24
PHST- 2023/12/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/01/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/23 12:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/02/23 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/02/23 10:24 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/02/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jof10020147 [pii]
AID - jof-10-00147 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/jof10020147 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Feb 12;10(2):147. doi: 10.3390/jof10020147.