PMID- 38393495
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240226
LR  - 20240403
IS  - 1438-2199 (Electronic)
IS  - 0939-4451 (Print)
IS  - 0939-4451 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Feb 23
TI  - SNAT2-mediated regulation of estrogen and progesterone in the proliferation of 
      goat mammary epithelial cells.
PG  - 17
LID - 10.1007/s00726-024-03382-w [doi]
LID - 17
AB  - The development of the goat mammary gland is mainly under the control of ovarian 
      hormones particularly estrogen and progesterone (P(4)). Amino acids play an 
      essential role in mammary gland development and milk production, and 
      sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) was reported to be 
      expressed in the mammary gland of rats and bovine mammary epithelial cells, which 
      may affect the synthesis of milk proteins or mammary cell proliferation by 
      mediating prolactin, 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) or methionine function. However, 
      whether SNAT2 mediates the regulatory effects of E(2) and P(4) on the development 
      of the ruminant mammary gland is still unclear. In this study, we show that E(2) 
      and P(4) could increase the proliferation of goat mammary epithelial cells 
      (GMECs) and regulate SNAT2 mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent 
      manner. Further investigation revealed that SNAT2 is abundantly expressed in the 
      mammary gland during late pregnancy and early lactation, while knockdown and 
      overexpression of SNAT2 in GMECs could inhibit or enhance E(2)- and P(4)-induced 
      cell proliferation as well as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. We 
      also found that the accelerated proliferation induced by SNAT2 overexpression in 
      GMECs was suppressed by the mTOR signaling pathway inhibitor rapamycin. This 
      indicates that the regulation of GMECs proliferation mediated by SNAT2 in 
      response to E(2) and P(4) is dependent on the mTOR signaling pathway. Finally, we 
      found that the total content of the amino acids in GMECs changed after 
      knocking-down and overexpressing SNAT2. In summary, the results demonstrate that 
      the regulatory effects of E(2) and P(4) on GMECs proliferation may be mediated by 
      the SNAT2-transported amino acid pathway. These results may offer a novel 
      nutritional target for improving the development of the ruminant mammary gland 
      and milk production.
CI  - (c) 2024. The Author(s).
FAU - Jiang, Tingting
AU  - Jiang T
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, 
      China.
FAU - Ma, Xiaoyue
AU  - Ma X
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, 
      China.
FAU - Liu, Hanling
AU  - Liu H
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, 
      China.
FAU - Jia, Qianqian
AU  - Jia Q
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, 
      China.
FAU - Chen, Jianguo
AU  - Chen J
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, 
      China.
FAU - Ding, Yi
AU  - Ding Y
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, 
      China.
FAU - Sun, Ming
AU  - Sun M
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, 
      China.
FAU - Zhu, Hongmei
AU  - Zhu H
AD  - College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, 
      China. zhuhongmei@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2662020DKQD002/Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/
GR  - 31802264/National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural 
      Science Foundation of China/
GR  - S202210504024/Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College 
      Students in Hubei Province/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240223
PL  - Austria
TA  - Amino Acids
JT  - Amino acids
JID - 9200312
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Estrogens)
RN  - 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Amino Acids/metabolism
MH  - Cell Proliferation
MH  - Epithelial Cells/metabolism
MH  - *Estrogens/metabolism
MH  - *Goats/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
MH  - *Progesterone/metabolism
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism
PMC - PMC10891196
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amino acids
OT  - Goat mammary epithelial cells
OT  - Ovarian hormones
OT  - Proliferation
OT  - SNAT2
OT  - mTOR signaling
COIS- These authors declare no conflict of interest in the current study.
EDAT- 2024/02/23 12:43
MHDA- 2024/02/26 06:42
PMCR- 2024/02/23
CRDT- 2024/02/23 11:14
PHST- 2023/06/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/01/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/26 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/02/23 12:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/02/23 11:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/02/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00726-024-03382-w [pii]
AID - 3382 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00726-024-03382-w [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Amino Acids. 2024 Feb 23;56(1):17. doi: 10.1007/s00726-024-03382-w.