PMID- 38397196
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240226
LR  - 20240227
IS  - 2073-4425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4425 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 2
DP  - 2024 Feb 5
TI  - Immunogenetic Aspects of Sarcopenic Obesity.
LID - 10.3390/genes15020206 [doi]
LID - 206
AB  - Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a combination of obesity and sarcopenia, with 
      diagnostic criteria defined as impaired skeletal muscle function and altered body 
      composition (e.g., increased fat mass and reduced muscle mass). The mechanism of 
      SO is not yet perfectly understood; however, the pathogenesis includes aging and 
      its complications, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and hormonal 
      changes. Genetic background is apparent in the pathogenesis of isolated obesity, 
      which is most often polygenic and is characterized by the additive effect of 
      various genetic factors. The genetic etiology has not been strictly established 
      in SO. Still, many data confirm the existence of pathogenic gene variants, e.g., 
      Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO), beta-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) 
      gene, melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and others with obesity. The literature on 
      the role of these genes is scarce, and their role has not yet been thoroughly 
      established. On the other hand, the involvement of systemic inflammation due to 
      increased adipose tissue in SO plays a significant role in its pathophysiology 
      through the synthesis of various cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant 
      protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-1Ra, IL-15, adiponectin or CRP. The lack of 
      anti-inflammatory cytokine (e.g., IL-15) can increase SO risk, but further 
      studies are needed to evaluate the exact mechanisms of implications of various 
      cytokines in SO individuals. This manuscript analyses various immunogenetic and 
      non-genetic factors and summarizes the recent findings on immunogenetics 
      potentially impacting SO development.
FAU - Mazurkiewicz, Lukasz
AU  - Mazurkiewicz L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8104-8679
AD  - Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan 
      University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
FAU - Czernikiewicz, Krystian
AU  - Czernikiewicz K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5006-4203
AD  - Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan 
      University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
FAU - Grygiel-Gorniak, Bogna
AU  - Grygiel-Gorniak B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3438-0764
AD  - Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan 
      University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20240205
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Genes (Basel)
JT  - Genes
JID - 101551097
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-15)
RN  - EC 1.14.11.33 (FTO protein, human)
RN  - EC 1.14.11.33 (Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Sarcopenia/genetics/complications/diagnosis
MH  - Immunogenetics
MH  - Interleukin-15
MH  - Obesity/genetics/pathology
MH  - Inflammation/genetics/complications
MH  - Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO
PMC - PMC10888391
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - genetic background
OT  - immunogenetics aspects
OT  - sarcopenic obesity
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2024/02/24 11:44
MHDA- 2024/02/26 06:45
PMCR- 2024/02/05
CRDT- 2024/02/24 01:05
PHST- 2024/01/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/01/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/02/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/26 06:45 [medline]
PHST- 2024/02/24 11:44 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/02/24 01:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/02/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - genes15020206 [pii]
AID - genes-15-00206 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/genes15020206 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Genes (Basel). 2024 Feb 5;15(2):206. doi: 10.3390/genes15020206.