PMID- 38401469
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240318
LR  - 20240318
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 253
DP  - 2024 Apr 1
TI  - Polyethylenimine mediated recovery of SARS-CoV-2 and total viral RNA: Impact of 
      aqueous conditions on behaviour and recovery.
PG  - 121207
LID - S0043-1354(24)00107-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121207 [doi]
AB  - Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an emerging, practical surveillance tool 
      for monitoring community levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 
      2 (SARS-CoV-2, SC2). However, a paucity of data exists regarding SARS-CoV-2 and 
      viral biomarker behaviour in aqueous and wastewater environments. Therefore, 
      there is a pressing need to develop efficient and robust methods that both 
      improve method sensitivity and reduce time and cost. We present a novel method 
      for SARS-CoV-2, Human Coronavirus 229E (229E), and Pepper Mild Mottle Virus 
      (PMMoV) recovery utilizing surface charge-based attraction via the branched 
      cationic polymer, polyethylenimine (PEI). Initially, dose-optimization 
      experiments demonstrated that low concentrations of PEI (0.001% w/v) proved most 
      effective at flocculating suspended viruses and viral material, including 
      additional unbound SC2 viral fragments and/or RNA from raw wastewater. A 
      design-of-experiments (DOE) approach was used to optimize virus and/or viral 
      material aggregation behaviour and recovery across varying aqueous conditions, 
      revealing pH as a major influence on recoverability in this system, 
      combinatorially due to both a reduction in viral material surface charge and 
      increased protonation of PEI-bound amine groups. Overall, this method has shown 
      great promise in significantly improving quantitative viral recovery, providing a 
      straightforward and effective augmentation to standard centrifugation techniques.
CI  - Crown Copyright (c) 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mullins, Nathan
AU  - Mullins N
AD  - Queen's University, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, 
      Canada; McMaster University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hamilton, 
      Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada.
FAU - Alashraf, Abdul Rahman
AU  - Alashraf AR
AD  - Queen's University, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, 
      Canada; Queen's University, Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil 
      Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
FAU - McDermott, Kevin
AU  - McDermott K
AD  - Public Health Ontario, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3K2, Canada.
FAU - Brown, R Stephen
AU  - Brown RS
AD  - Queen's University, Department of Chemistry and School of Environmental Studies, 
      Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Queen's University, Beaty Water Research 
      Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada. 
      Electronic address: stephen.brown@chem.queensu.ca.
FAU - Payne, Sarah Jane
AU  - Payne SJ
AD  - Queen's University, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, 
      Canada; Queen's University, Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil 
      Engineering, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada. Electronic address: 
      sarahjane.payne@queensu.ca.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240203
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 9002-98-6 (Polyethyleneimine)
RN  - 0 (Wastewater)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *RNA, Viral
MH  - SARS-CoV-2
MH  - Polyethyleneimine
MH  - Wastewater
MH  - *COVID-19
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Electrostatic interactions
OT  - PCR detection
OT  - SARS-CoV-2
OT  - Virus aggregation
OT  - Virus extraction method
OT  - Wastewater surveillance
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2024/02/25 00:42
MHDA- 2024/03/18 06:44
CRDT- 2024/02/24 18:14
PHST- 2023/07/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/01/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/18 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/02/25 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/02/24 18:14 [entrez]
AID - S0043-1354(24)00107-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121207 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2024 Apr 1;253:121207. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121207. Epub 2024 
      Feb 3.