PMID- 38422873
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240326
LR  - 20240326
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 185
DP  - 2024 Mar
TI  - Exploring long-term global environmental impacts of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) 
      in waste: Implications for the Stockholm and Basel Conventions and the global 
      plastic treaty.
PG  - 108527
LID - S0160-4120(24)00113-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108527 [doi]
AB  - Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), mainly short-chain CPs (SCCPs) and medium-chain CPs 
      (MCCPs), are currently the most produced and used industrial chemicals related to 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) globally. These chemicals are widely 
      detected in the environment and in the human body. As the release of SCCPs and 
      MCCPs from products represents only a small fraction of their stock in products, 
      the potential long-term release of CPs from a large variety of products at the 
      waste stage has become an issue of great concern. The results of this study 
      showed that, by 2050, SCCPs and MCCPs used between 2000 and 2021 will 
      cumulatively generate 226.49 Mt of CP-containing wastes, comprising 8610.13 kt of 
      SCCPs and MCCPs. Approximately 79.72 Mt of CP-containing wastes is predicted to 
      be generated abroad through the international trade of products using SCCPs and 
      MCCPs. The magnitude, distribution, and growth of CP-containing wastes subject to 
      environmentally sound disposal will depend largely on the relevant provisions of 
      the Stockholm and Basel Conventions and the forthcoming global plastic treaty. 
      According to multiple scenarios synthesizing the provisions of the three 
      conventions, 26.6-101.1 Mt of CP-containing wastes will be subject to 
      environmentally sound disposal as POP wastes, which would pose a great challenge 
      to the waste disposal capacity of China, as well as for countries importing 
      CP-containing products. The additional 5-year exemption period for MCCPs is 
      expected to see an additional 10 Mt of CP-containing wastes subject to 
      environmentally sound disposal. Thus, there is an urgent need to strengthen the 
      Stockholm and Basel Conventions and the global plastic treaty.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Chen, Jiazhe
AU  - Chen J
AD  - State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, 
      College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 
      100871, China.
FAU - Zhang, Shaoxuan
AU  - Zhang S
AD  - State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, 
      College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 
      100871, China.
FAU - Xu, Weiguang
AU  - Xu W
AD  - State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, 
      College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 
      100871, China.
FAU - Chen, Chengkang
AU  - Chen C
AD  - Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto 
      Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4.
FAU - Chen, Anna
AU  - Chen A
AD  - State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, 
      College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 
      100871, China.
FAU - Lu, Rongjing
AU  - Lu R
AD  - State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, 
      College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 
      100871, China.
FAU - Jing, Qiaonan
AU  - Jing Q
AD  - State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, 
      College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 
      100871, China.
FAU - Liu, Jianguo
AU  - Liu J
AD  - State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, 
      College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 
      100871, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing 100871, 
      China. Electronic address: jgliu@pku.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240224
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 8002-74-2 (Paraffin)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Paraffin/analysis
MH  - *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - Commerce
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - Internationality
MH  - China
MH  - Environment
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Basel Convention
OT  - CP-containing wastes
OT  - Chlorinated paraffins
OT  - Environmentally sound disposal
OT  - Global plastic treaty
OT  - Stockholm Convention
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2024/03/01 01:22
MHDA- 2024/03/26 06:45
CRDT- 2024/02/29 18:13
PHST- 2023/12/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/02/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/02/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/26 06:45 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/01 01:22 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/02/29 18:13 [entrez]
AID - S0160-4120(24)00113-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108527 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2024 Mar;185:108527. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108527. Epub 2024 
      Feb 24.