PMID- 38426059
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240302
IS  - 1664-302X (Print)
IS  - 1664-302X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-302X (Linking)
VI  - 15
DP  - 2024
TI  - Colonization of Raphanus sativus by human pathogenic microorganisms.
PG  - 1296372
LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1296372 [doi]
LID - 1296372
AB  - Contamination of vegetables with human pathogenic microorganisms (HPMOs) is 
      considered one of the most important problems in the food industry, as current 
      nutritional guidelines include increased consumption of raw or minimally 
      processed organic vegetables due to healthy lifestyle promotion. Vegetables are 
      known to be potential vehicles for HPMOs and sources of disease outbreaks. In 
      this study, we tested the susceptibility of radish (Raphanus sativus) to 
      colonization by different HPMOs, including Escherichia coli PCM 2561, Salmonella 
      enterica subsp. enterica PCM 2565, Listeria monocytogenes PCM 2191 and Bacillus 
      cereus PCM 1948. We hypothesized that host plant roots containing bactericidal 
      compounds are less prone to HPMO colonization than shoots and leaves. We also 
      determined the effect of selected pathogens on radish growth to check host 
      plant-microbe interactions. We found that one-week-old radish is susceptible to 
      colonization by selected HPMOs, as the presence of the tested HPMOs was 
      demonstrated in all organs of R. sativus. The differences were noticed 2 weeks 
      after inoculation because B. cereus was most abundant in roots (log(10) CFU - 
      2.54), S. enterica was observed exclusively in stems (log(10) CFU - 3.15), and L. 
      monocytogenes and E. coli were most abundant in leaves (log(10) CFU - 4.80 and 
      3.23, respectively). The results suggest that E. coli and L. monocytogenes show a 
      higher ability to colonize and move across the plant than B. cereus and S. 
      enterica. Based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser 
      scanning microscopy (CLSM) approach HPMOs were detected in extracellular matrix 
      and in some individual cells of all analyzed organs. The presence of pathogens 
      adversely affected the growth parameters of one-week-old R. sativus, especially 
      leaf and stem fresh weight (decreased by 47-66 and 17-57%, respectively). In 
      two-week-old plants, no reduction in plant biomass development was noted. This 
      observation may result from plant adaptation to biotic stress caused by the 
      presence of HPMOs, but confirmation of this assumption is needed. Among the 
      investigated HPMOs, L. monocytogenes turned out to be the pathogen that most 
      intensively colonized the aboveground part of R. sativus and at the same time 
      negatively affected the largest number of radish growth parameters.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 Szymanska, Deja-Sikora, Sikora, Niedojadlo, Mazur and 
      Hrynkiewicz.
FAU - Szymanska, Sonia
AU  - Szymanska S
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, 
      Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
FAU - Deja-Sikora, Edyta
AU  - Deja-Sikora E
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, 
      Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
FAU - Sikora, Marcin
AU  - Sikora M
AD  - Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 
      Torun, Poland.
FAU - Niedojadlo, Katarzyna
AU  - Niedojadlo K
AD  - Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and 
      Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
FAU - Mazur, Justyna
AU  - Mazur J
AD  - Center for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 
      Torun, Poland.
FAU - Hrynkiewicz, Katarzyna
AU  - Hrynkiewicz K
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, 
      Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240215
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in microbiology
JID - 101548977
PMC - PMC10902717
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bacillus cereus
OT  - Escherichia coli
OT  - Listeria monocytogenes
OT  - Raphanus sativus
OT  - Salmonella enterica
OT  - human pathogenic microorganisms (HPMOs)
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2024/03/01 06:43
MHDA- 2024/03/01 06:44
PMCR- 2024/02/15
CRDT- 2024/03/01 03:57
PHST- 2023/09/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/01/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/01 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/01 06:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/01 03:57 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/02/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1296372 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Microbiol. 2024 Feb 15;15:1296372. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1296372. 
      eCollection 2024.