PMID- 38428220
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240415
LR  - 20240415
IS  - 1873-1244 (Electronic)
IS  - 0899-9007 (Linking)
VI  - 122
DP  - 2024 Jun
TI  - Fueling for and recovering from resistance training: The periworkout nutrition 
      practices of competitive powerlifters.
PG  - 112389
LID - S0899-9007(24)00039-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112389 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Nutrient timing is a concept that emphasizes the intentional ingestion 
      of whole or fortified foods, and dietary supplements, to adequately fuel for, and 
      recover from, acute and chronic exercise. The nutrition strategies used by 
      powerlifters around training sessions have not, to our knowledge, been previously 
      investigated. This study explored the self-reported periworkout (before, during, 
      and after) nutrition practices of competitive powerlifters, including what, why, 
      and information source that informed practice, with comparison to current sport 
      nutrition guidelines. METHODS: Actively competing male (n = 240) and female (n = 
      65) powerlifters completed a cross-sectional online survey of self-reported 
      periworkout nutrition practices in the pre-, intra-, and postexercise periods, 
      fasted training, and supplementation. Data are presented as the number (n) and 
      percentage (%) of all powerlifters practicing a given strategy followed by a % of 
      responses reporting various practices or beliefs within this strategy. 
      Categorical subgroups (sex, age, and weight class; and competitive caliber) were 
      analyzed with a chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and denoted where 
      significant (P </= 0.05). RESULTS: Most powerlifters reported paying specific 
      attention to nutrition practices in the pre-exercise period (n = 261; 85.6%) by 
      ingesting more carbohydrate (CHO) rich foods (n = 234; 89.6%) for the purpose of 
      assisting in training performance (n = 222; 85.1%). Most powerlifters reported 
      intraexercise nutrition strategies (n = 211; 69.2%), of which most included 
      ingesting more CHO rich foods (n = 159; 74.5%) for the purpose of feeling less 
      hungry and/or boosting energy levels during training (n = 129; 61.1%). Most 
      powerlifters reported paying attention to postexercise nutrition (n = 244; 80%), 
      by ingesting more protein rich foods (n = 182; 74.6%) for the purpose of 
      recovering better for the whole day (n = 152; 62.3%) and enhancing the benefits 
      of training (n = 149; 61.1%). Most powerlifters did not complete training 
      sessions in the fasted state (n = 262; 85.9%). Most powerlifters reported paying 
      attention to supplementation before training (n = 237; 77.7%), of which 
      preworkout formulas (n = 137; 57.8%), energy drinks (n = 101; 42.6%), creatine (n 
      = 88; 37.1%), and caffeine pills (n = 70; 29.5%) were most reported. 
      Supplementation was used to assist in training performance (n = 197; 83.1%) and 
      increase wakefulness/alertness (n = 183; 77.2%). Males reported more often than 
      females that they informed multiple elements of their nutrition practices with 
      the information they read or watched somewhere (P = 0.002-0.012). CONCLUSION: The 
      periworkout nutrition practices used by competitive powerlifters followed current 
      sport nutrition guidelines, by using CHO sources to fuel for training and 
      ensuring the provision of protein postexercise. Competitive powerlifters may wish 
      to exert caution with supplementation, as there is a risk of harm or inadvertent 
      doping.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - King, Andrew
AU  - King A
AD  - Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of 
      Technology, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: andrew.king@aut.ac.nz.
FAU - Kwan, Kedric
AU  - Kwan K
AD  - Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of 
      Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Jukic, Ivan
AU  - Jukic I
AD  - Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of 
      Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Zinn, Caryn
AU  - Zinn C
AD  - Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of 
      Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Helms, Eric
AU  - Helms E
AD  - Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of 
      Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Exercise Science and Health 
      Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, 
      Florida, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240207
PL  - United States
TA  - Nutrition
JT  - Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
JID - 8802712
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Female
MH  - *Resistance Training
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Exercise
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Nutritional Status
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Nutrition knowledge
OT  - Nutrition strategies
OT  - Powerlifting
OT  - Resistance training
OT  - Supplements
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2024/03/02 10:44
MHDA- 2024/04/15 06:42
CRDT- 2024/03/01 18:07
PHST- 2023/08/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/01/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/02/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/04/15 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/02 10:44 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/01 18:07 [entrez]
AID - S0899-9007(24)00039-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112389 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nutrition. 2024 Jun;122:112389. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112389. Epub 2024 Feb 7.