PMID- 38428532 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240327 LR - 20240327 IS - 1879-1298 (Electronic) IS - 0045-6535 (Linking) VI - 353 DP - 2024 Apr TI - Health assessment of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in PM(2.5) in northern and central Taiwan. PG - 141573 LID - S0045-6535(24)00466-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141573 [doi] AB - Over the last two decades, Taiwan has effectively diminished atmospheric concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) through the adept utilization of advanced technologies and the implementation of air pollution control devices. Despite this success, there exists a dearth of data regarding the levels of other PM(2.5)-bound organic pollutants and their associated health risks. To address this gap, our study comprehensively investigates the spatial and seasonal variations, potential sources, and health risks of PCDD/Fs, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and Polychlorinated naphthalene (PCNs) in Northern and Central Taiwan. Sampling collections were conducted at three specific locations, including six municipal waste incinerators in Northern Taiwan, as well as a traffic and an industrial site in Central Taiwan. As a result, the highest mean values of PM(2.5) (20.3-39.6 mug/m(3)) were observed at traffic sites, followed by industrial sites (14.4-39.3 mug/m(3)), and the vicinity of the municipal waste incinerator (12.4-29.4 mug/m(3)). Additionally, PCDD/Fs and PCBs exhibited discernible seasonal fluctuations, displaying higher concentrations in winter (7.53-11.9 and 0.09-0.12 fg I-TEQ(WHO)/m(3)) and spring (7.02-13.7 and 0.11-0.16 fg I-TEQ(WHO)/m(3)) compared to summer and autumn. Conversely, PCNs displayed no significant seasonal variations, with peak values observed in winter (0.05-0.10 fg I-TEQ(WHO)/m(3)) and spring (0.03-0.08 fg I-TEQ(WHO)/m(3)). Utilizing a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, sintering plants emerged as the predominant contributors to PCDD/Fs, constituting 77.9% of emissions. Woodchip boilers (68.3%) and municipal waste incinerators (21.0%) were identified as primary contributors to PCBs, while municipal waste incinerators (64.6%) along with a secondary copper and a copper sludge smelter (22.1%) were the principal sources of PCNs. Moreover, the study specified that individuals aged 19-70 in Northern Taiwan and those under the age of 12 years in Central Taiwan were found to have a significantly higher cancer risk, with values ranging from 9.26 x 10(-9)-1.12 x 10(-7) and from 2.50 x 10(-8)-2.08 x 10(-7)respectively. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Amani Room, Shahzada AU - Amani Room S AD - Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. FAU - Huang, Kai Ting AU - Huang KT AD - Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. FAU - Pan, Shih Yu AU - Pan SY AD - Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. FAU - Chen, Po Jui AU - Chen PJ AD - Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. FAU - Hsu, Yuam-Cheng AU - Hsu YC AD - National Environmental Research Academy, Ministry of Environment, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan. FAU - Chi, Kai Hsien AU - Chi KH AD - Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. Electronic address: khchi@nycu.edu.tw. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240228 PL - England TA - Chemosphere JT - Chemosphere JID - 0320657 RN - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins) RN - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) RN - 0 (Persistent Organic Pollutants) RN - 0 (Air Pollutants) RN - 0 (Dibenzofurans) RN - 789U1901C5 (Copper) RN - 0 (Particulate Matter) RN - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis MH - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis MH - Persistent Organic Pollutants MH - *Air Pollutants/analysis MH - Dibenzofurans MH - Taiwan MH - Copper MH - Environmental Monitoring MH - Incineration MH - Particulate Matter MH - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated/analysis OTO - NOTNLM OT - Health risk OT - PCBs OT - PCDD/Fs OT - PCNs OT - Taiwan COIS- Declaration of competing interest With the submission of this manuscript, I would like to confirm that this is an original work that has not been published before and is not currently being considered for submission to other journals. I also confirm that the journal's author notes have been read carefully and all points have been compiled for the entire manuscript. All authors have approved and agreed to contribute to the "Chemosphere". EDAT- 2024/03/02 10:43 MHDA- 2024/03/27 06:44 CRDT- 2024/03/01 19:15 PHST- 2024/01/08 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/02/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/02/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/03/27 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/03/02 10:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/03/01 19:15 [entrez] AID - S0045-6535(24)00466-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141573 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chemosphere. 2024 Apr;353:141573. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141573. Epub 2024 Feb 28.