PMID- 38435884
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240305
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Jan
TI  - The Relationship Between Gestational Diabetes and the Risk of Cancer: A 
      Systematic Review.
PG  - e53328
LID - 10.7759/cureus.53328 [doi]
LID - e53328
AB  - Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders 
      to occur during pregnancy due to the increase in circulating human placental 
      lactogen (hPL) and possible beta-cell sensitivity. While GDM can be managed 
      either with diet and exercise or pharmacological interventions, it is associated 
      with significant maternal and neonatal complications. Maternal complications 
      include short- and long-term conditions such as pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, 
      arrest of labor, future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 
      cardiovascular disorders. Neonates can develop hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia and 
      have a large gestational age (LGA). New research has also highlighted another 
      possible long-term complication for both mothers and offspring, which is the 
      development of cancer. Cancer has various types of progression, but most cause 
      systemic symptoms leading to a reduced quality of life. Cancer can be terminal 
      and can affect the majority of the population; thus, significant effort is being 
      employed to try and reduce its occurrence. This systematic review was conducted 
      with adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and 
      Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest 
      databases. Initially, 136,019 publications were identified. Through the screening 
      process, a total of 27 publications were finalized within the scope of this 
      paper. Most studies observing maternal cancer with a history of GDM found that 
      there was an association between the increased risk of cancer and GDM. 
      Specifically, these studies identified the association of GDM with breast, 
      ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancer, as well as other non-reproductive organs 
      such as the thyroid and pancreas. Cancer development in the offspring also 
      presented an association with mothers who developed GDM. The most prevalent 
      cancer evaluated was leukemia, and it was specifically associated with a maternal 
      history of GDM. With the consistent rise in the incidence of cancer, any attempts 
      to reduce its development are imperative to assess. While GDM is essentially a 
      temporary condition that resolves following pregnancy in most patients, the 
      possibility of contributing to future conditions years after its occurrence 
      creates a sense of urgency and necessity to reduce the incidence of GDM. 
      Researchers should be able to identify other unknown biomarkers that contribute 
      to the development of cancer in mothers who experienced GDM as well as their 
      infants.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024, Slouha et al.
FAU - Slouha, Ethan
AU  - Slouha E
AD  - Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, 
      GRD.
FAU - Gates, Kaitlyn M
AU  - Gates KM
AD  - Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD.
FAU - Al-Geizi, Hanin
AU  - Al-Geizi H
AD  - Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD.
FAU - Baah, Esther
AU  - Baah E
AD  - Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD.
FAU - Clunes, Lucy A
AU  - Clunes LA
AD  - Pharmacology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, GRD.
FAU - Kollias, Theofanis F
AU  - Kollias TF
AD  - Microbiology, Immunology, and Pharmacology, St. George's University School of 
      Medicine, St. George's, GRD.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20240131
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10906975
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - breast cancer
OT  - cancer risk
OT  - gestational diabetes mellitus
OT  - leukemia
OT  - thyroid cancer
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2024/03/04 06:45
MHDA- 2024/03/04 06:46
PMCR- 2024/01/31
CRDT- 2024/03/04 05:09
PHST- 2024/01/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/04 06:46 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/04 06:45 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/04 05:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/01/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.53328 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2024 Jan 31;16(1):e53328. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53328. eCollection 2024 
      Jan.