PMID- 38454775
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20240308
IS  - 1875-533X (Electronic)
IS  - 0929-8673 (Linking)
DP  - 2024 Mar 6
TI  - Immunotherapy of Human Melanoma: Past, Present, Future.
LID - 10.2174/0109298673283943240227104122 [doi]
AB  - Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a promising therapeutic 
      schedule in advanced solid cancers. In this review, clinical trials from highly 
      reputable journals are interpreted for safety and efficacy evaluation of the 
      common anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor nivolumab and/or the most known 
      anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor ipilimumab in 
      advanced melanoma. Current progress in the field of melanoma immunotherapy is the 
      focus of this review. Solo nivolumab and combo nivolumab-ipilimumab show higher 
      responses compared to solo ipilimumab or chemotherapy. BRAF and programmed 
      death-ligand 1 (PDL1) expression states are seemingly not reliable biomarkers of 
      response to ICI therapy in melanoma. Solo ipilimumab and particularly a 
      combination of nivolumab-ipilimumab show higher adverse events (AEs) compared 
      with solo nivolumab or chemotherapy. Besides, ICI therapy is safer in mucosal 
      melanoma, but its efficacy is higher in the cutaneous subtype. Patients receiving 
      combination regimens who are experiencing serious AEs can discontinue such 
      regimens until recovery and still maintain clinical benefits. To conclude, combo 
      nivolumab-ipilimumab represents more therapeutic advantages compared with solo 
      nivolumab or ipilimumab, but the rate of AEs is higher for combination regimens. 
      Resistance to combo nivolumab-ipilimumab demands the application of novel 
      approaches to go with ICIs in melanoma immunotherapy. Immunogenic agents, 
      alternative immune checkpoints, vaccination, oncolytic viruses, extracellular 
      vesicles (EVs) and fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) are novel strategies in 
      patients developing ICI resistance.
CI  - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at 
      epub@benthamscience.net.
FAU - Mortezaee, Keywan
AU  - Mortezaee K
AD  - Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical 
      Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
FAU - Majidpoor, Jamal
AU  - Majidpoor J
AD  - Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, 
      Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240306
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Med Chem
JT  - Current medicinal chemistry
JID - 9440157
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - adverse event (AE)
OT  - melanoma
OT  - nivolumab-ipilimumab
OT  - programmed death-1 (PD-1)
OT  - programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)
EDAT- 2024/03/08 06:42
MHDA- 2024/03/08 06:42
CRDT- 2024/03/08 02:33
PHST- 2023/10/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/02/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/02/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/08 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/08 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/08 02:33 [entrez]
AID - CMC-EPUB-138969 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/0109298673283943240227104122 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Curr Med Chem. 2024 Mar 6. doi: 10.2174/0109298673283943240227104122.