PMID- 38456027
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240309
IS  - 2532-8689 (Electronic)
IS  - 1124-9390 (Print)
IS  - 1124-9390 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024
TI  - Presumptive pulmonary toxocariasis in a patient affected by acute myeloid 
      leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma: case report and review of the literature in 
      immunocompromised hosts.
PG  - 103-112
LID - 10.53854/liim-3201-14 [doi]
AB  - Toxocariasis is a zoonosis transmitted by the nematode Toxocara spp. 
      Immunocompromised hosts are more susceptible than general population to 
      bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. In this population 
      toxocariasis may present as exacerbation or reactivation and could have severe or 
      atypical manifestations being a diagnostic challenge for healthcare providers. We 
      report a case of a presumptive pulmonary toxocariasis during chemotherapy in a 
      patient affected by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and Hodgkin lymphoma and we 
      summarize current evidence of pulmonary involvement in immunocompromised 
      population with Toxocara spp infection in a narrative review. The aim of this 
      work is also to revise the current literature on pulmonary involvement during 
      Toxocara spp infection in immunocompromised hosts to improve knowledge on 
      clinical presentation, treatment and outcome. A 66 years old man who had 
      undergone to a cytarabine and idarubicin chemotherapy induction scheme for AML, 
      complained of febrile neutropenia and dry cought. At the chest computed 
      tomography (CT) there were multiple nodular pulmonary lesions with subpleural 
      consolidations. The lung biopsy revealed inflammatory infiltration with diffuse 
      small granulomas with minor eosinophil component. The laboratory analysis showed 
      high immunoglobulin E (IgE) count with normal peripherical eosinophils, among the 
      extended parasitological analysis, Toxocara immunoblot assay resulted positive. 
      In the most accepted hypothesis of a polmunary toxocariasis infection, the 
      patient was treated with a combination of albendazole plus corticosteroids for 
      four weeks, with a positive outcome. Infection complications during chemotherapy 
      are not uncommon, however, this is the first reported case of pulmonary 
      toxocariasis during cytarabine and idarubicin treatment in AML. The revised 
      literature shows male gender and younger age as possible risk factors, 
      nevertheless the majority of cases of seropositivity for Toxocara was reported in 
      solid organ malignancies. In this case, the suspect was mainly based on 
      laboratory total elevated IgE, confirmed by serological, anatomo-pathological and 
      radiological findings. Hypereosinophilia is often not present in chronic 
      infection. In conclusion, pulmonary toxocariasis should be ruled out in patients 
      with pulmonary involvement and high IgE titre, with or without peripheral 
      eosinophilia, especially in those with known immunocompromised status.
FAU - Lupia, Tommaso
AU  - Lupia T
AD  - Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy.
FAU - Crisa, Elena
AU  - Crisa E
AD  - Unit of Oncology and Haematology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy.
FAU - Sangiorgio, Valentina
AU  - Sangiorgio V
AD  - Pathological Anatomy Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
FAU - Bosio, Roberta
AU  - Bosio R
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, 
      Italy.
FAU - Stroffolini, Giacomo
AU  - Stroffolini G
AD  - Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore 
      Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy.
FAU - Staffilano, Elena
AU  - Staffilano E
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, 
      Italy.
FAU - Gregorc, Vanesa
AU  - Gregorc V
AD  - Unit of Oncology and Haematology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy.
FAU - Corcione, Silvia
AU  - Corcione S
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, 
      Italy.
AD  - School of Medicine, Infectious Disease & Geographic Medicine, Tufts University, 
      Boston, MA, USA.
FAU - De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe
AU  - De Rosa FG
AD  - Unit of Infectious Diseases, Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy.
AD  - Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, 
      Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20240301
PL  - Italy
TA  - Infez Med
JT  - Le infezioni in medicina
JID - 9613961
PMC - PMC10917563
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Toxocara
OT  - haematological diseases
OT  - immunoglobulin E
OT  - pneumonia
OT  - pulmonary toxocariasis
COIS- Conflict of interest disclosure: All the authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2024/03/08 06:43
MHDA- 2024/03/08 06:44
PMCR- 2024/03/01
CRDT- 2024/03/08 04:08
PHST- 2023/10/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/01/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/08 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/08 06:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/08 04:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1124-9390_32_1_2024_103-112 [pii]
AID - 10.53854/liim-3201-14 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Infez Med. 2024 Mar 1;32(1):103-112. doi: 10.53854/liim-3201-14. eCollection 
      2024.