PMID- 38472402
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240314
LR  - 20240316
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Mar 12
TI  - Cluster analysis of patient characteristics, treatment modalities, renal 
      impairments, and inflammatory markers in diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 5994
LID - 10.1038/s41598-024-56451-1 [doi]
LID - 5994
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by an interplay of various factors 
      where chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation have central role in its onset and 
      progression. Identifying patient groups with increased inflammation in order to 
      provide more personalized approach has become crucial. We hypothesized that 
      grouping patients into clusters according to their clinical characteristics could 
      identify distinct unique profiles that were previously invisible to the clinical 
      eye. A cross-sectional record-based study was performed at the Primary Health 
      Care Center Podgorica, Montenegro, on 424 T2DM patients aged between 30 and 85. 
      Using hierarchical clustering patients were grouped into four distinct clusters 
      based on 12 clinical variables, including glycemic and other relevant metabolic 
      indicators. Inflammation was assessed through neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and 
      platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Cluster 3 which featured the oldest patients 
      with the longest T2DM duration, highest hypertension rate, poor glycemic control 
      and significant GFR impairment had the highest levels of inflammatory markers. 
      Cluster 4 which featured the youngest patients, with the best glycemic control, 
      the highest GFR had the lowest prevalence of coronary disease, but not the lowest 
      levels of inflammatory markers. Identifying these clusters offers physicians 
      opportunity for more personalized T2DM management, potentially mitigating its 
      associated complications.
CI  - (c) 2024. The Author(s).
FAU - Cojic, Milena
AU  - Cojic M
AD  - University of Montenegro-Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro. 
      milenarovcanin@yahoo.com.
AD  - Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro. milenarovcanin@yahoo.com.
FAU - Klisic, Aleksandra
AU  - Klisic A
AD  - University of Montenegro-Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro.
AD  - Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro.
FAU - Sahmanovic, Amina
AU  - Sahmanovic A
AD  - University of Montenegro-Faculty of Medicine, Podgorica, Montenegro.
AD  - Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro.
FAU - Petrovic, Nemanja
AU  - Petrovic N
AD  - Primary Health Care Center, Podgorica, Montenegro.
FAU - Kocic, Gordana
AU  - Kocic G
AD  - Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, 
      Serbia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240312
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Adult
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Lymphocytes
MH  - Neutrophils
MH  - Inflammation/complications
MH  - *Renal Insufficiency/complications
MH  - Cluster Analysis
PMC - PMC10933260
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Clustering, glomerular filtration rate
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
OT  - Platelet-to lymphocyte ratio
OT  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2024/03/13 06:47
MHDA- 2024/03/14 06:46
PMCR- 2024/03/12
CRDT- 2024/03/13 00:59
PHST- 2023/11/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/03/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/14 06:46 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/13 06:47 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/13 00:59 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/03/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-024-56451-1 [pii]
AID - 56451 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-024-56451-1 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 12;14(1):5994. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56451-1.