PMID- 38474484
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240314
LR  - 20240315
IS  - 1420-3049 (Electronic)
IS  - 1420-3049 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 5
DP  - 2024 Feb 22
TI  - Concentrations, Sources and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic 
      Hydrocarbons in Chinese Herbal Medicines.
LID - 10.3390/molecules29050972 [doi]
LID - 972
AB  - The determination and evaluation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 
      seven Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) were conducted through a rapid and 
      straightforward extraction and purification method, coupled with GC-MS. A 
      sample-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment technique, incorporating 
      isotopic internal standards, was employed for detecting various medicinal parts 
      of CHMs. The assay exhibited linearity within the range of 5 to 500 ng/mL, with 
      linear coefficients (R(2)) for PAHs exceeding 0.999. The recoveries of spiked 
      standards ranged from 63.37% to 133.12%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) 
      ranging from 0.75% to 14.54%. The total PAH content varied from 176.906 to 
      1414.087 mug/kg. Among the 16 PAHs, phenanthrene (Phe) was consistently detected 
      at the highest levels (47.045-168.640 mug/kg). Characteristic ratio analysis 
      indicated that oil, coal, and biomass combustion were the primary sources of PAHs 
      in CHMs. The health risk associated with CHMs was assessed using the lifetime 
      carcinogenic risk approach, revealing potential health risks from the consumption 
      of honeysuckle, while the health risks of consuming Lycium chinense berries were 
      deemed negligible. For the other five CHMs (glycyrrhizae, Coix lacryma, ginseng, 
      lotus seed, seed of Sterculia lychnophora), the health risk from consumption fell 
      within acceptable ranges. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses utilizing Monte Carlo 
      exposure assessment methods identified PAH levels in CHMs as health risk 
      sensitizers. It is crucial to recognize that the consumption of herbal medicines 
      is not a continuous process but entails potential health risks. Hence, the 
      monitoring and risk assessment of PAH residues in CHMs demand careful attention.
FAU - Cao, Deyan
AU  - Cao D
AD  - School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia 
      Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
FAU - Zhu, Zhu
AU  - Zhu Z
AD  - School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia 
      Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
FAU - Zhao, Siyuan
AU  - Zhao S
AD  - School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia 
      Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
FAU - Zhang, Xi
AU  - Zhang X
AD  - College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, 
      China.
FAU - Lin, Jianzai
AU  - Lin J
AD  - School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia 
      Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
FAU - Wang, Junji
AU  - Wang J
AD  - School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia 
      Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
FAU - Zeng, Qinghong
AU  - Zeng Q
AD  - School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
AD  - Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia 
      Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
FAU - Zhu, Meilin
AU  - Zhu M
AD  - School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
AD  - College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, 
      China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240222
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Molecules
JT  - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 100964009
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Plant Extracts/analysis
MH  - China
PMC - PMC10934209
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chinese herbal medicine
OT  - Monte Carlo simulation
OT  - health risk assessment
OT  - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2024/03/13 06:46
MHDA- 2024/03/14 06:46
PMCR- 2024/02/22
CRDT- 2024/03/13 01:26
PHST- 2024/01/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/02/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/02/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/14 06:46 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/13 06:46 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/13 01:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/02/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - molecules29050972 [pii]
AID - molecules-29-00972 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/molecules29050972 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Molecules. 2024 Feb 22;29(5):972. doi: 10.3390/molecules29050972.