PMID- 38497369 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240429 LR - 20240429 IS - 2055-6764 (Electronic) IS - 2055-6756 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 5 DP - 2024 Apr 29 TI - Sub-100 nm carriers by template polymerization for drug delivery applications. PG - 693-707 LID - 10.1039/d3nh00491k [doi] AB - Size-controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs) have gained significant attention in the field of pharmaceutical sciences due to their potential to enhance drug efficacy, minimize side effects, and improve patient compliance. This review provides a concise overview of the preparation method, advancements, and applications of size-controlled drug delivery systems focusing on the sub-100 nm size DDSs. The importance of tailoring the size for achieving therapeutic goals is briefly mentioned. We highlight the concept of "template polymerization", a well-established method in covalent polymerization that offers precise control over molecular weight. We demonstrate the utility of this approach in crafting a monolayer of a polymer around biomolecule templates such as DNA, RNA, and protein, achieving the generation of DDSs with sizes ranging from several tens of nanometers. A few representative examples of small-size DDSs that share a conceptual similarity to "template polymerization" are also discussed. This review concludes by briefly discussing the drug release behaviors and the future prospects of "template polymerization" for the development of innovative size-controlled drug delivery systems, which promise to optimize drug delivery precision, efficacy, and safety. FAU - Hashim, P K AU - Hashim PK AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9944-7926 AD - Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan. hashim@es.hokudai.ac.jp. AD - Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan. FAU - Abdrabou, Shimaa Said Mohamed Ali AU - Abdrabou SSMA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4359-7754 AD - Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. PT - Review DEP - 20240429 PL - England TA - Nanoscale Horiz JT - Nanoscale horizons JID - 101712576 RN - 0 (Drug Carriers) RN - 0 (Polymers) SB - IM MH - *Polymerization MH - Humans MH - Drug Delivery Systems/methods MH - Drug Carriers/chemistry MH - Particle Size MH - Polymers/chemistry MH - Nanoparticles/chemistry EDAT- 2024/03/18 12:47 MHDA- 2024/04/29 13:57 CRDT- 2024/03/18 06:33 PHST- 2024/04/29 13:57 [medline] PHST- 2024/03/18 12:47 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/03/18 06:33 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d3nh00491k [doi] PST - epublish SO - Nanoscale Horiz. 2024 Apr 29;9(5):693-707. doi: 10.1039/d3nh00491k.