PMID- 38502274
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20240319
IS  - 1865-1569 (Electronic)
IS  - 1865-1550 (Linking)
DP  - 2024 Mar 19
TI  - Neuroendocrine and undifferentiated sinonasal and skull base tumors: An 
      up-to-date narrative review.
LID - 10.1007/s10006-024-01240-3 [doi]
AB  - Tumors located in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and the skull base comprise 
      a wide range of histologic subtypes. Among them, neuroendocrine and 
      undifferentiated tumors are rare but noteworthy, because of their distinctive 
      features, aggressive nature, and diagnostic complexities. A literature search was 
      conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE and the Scopus databases from 2019 until 
      inception. The keywords "neuroendocrine", "undifferentiated", "nose", 
      "sinonasal", "paranasal", "skull base" were used. Thirty-eight articles referring 
      to neuroendocrine and undifferentiated tumors of the nose, paranasal sinuses and 
      the skull base were finally included and analyzed. Neuroendocrine and 
      undifferentiated tumors of the nose, paranasal sinuses and the skull base are 
      infrequent malignancies, most commonly affecting middle-aged men. They usually 
      present with non-specific symptoms, even though ocular or neurologic 
      manifestations may occur. Prognosis is generally poor; however, novel targeted 
      and immunological therapies have shown promising results. Sinonasal 
      Neuroendocrine Carcinomas (SNECs) carry distinct histological and 
      immunohistochemical features. Management consists of surgical resection coupled 
      with systematic therapy. Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinomas (SNUCs) lack 
      specific squamous or glandular features. They typically stain positive for 
      pancytokeratin and INI1 antibody. Treatment includes induction chemotherapy, 
      followed by a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Olfactory 
      neuroblastomas (ONBs) have neuroepithelial or neuroblastic features. They show 
      diffuse positivity for various markers, including synaptophysin, chromogranin, 
      and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Surgical resection plus radiotherapy is 
      considered the treatment of choice. In conclusion, neuroendocrine and 
      undifferentiated tumors arising from the nose, paranasal sinuses and the skull 
      base represent a unique group of malignancies. A thorough understanding of their 
      clinical features, molecular changes, diagnostic approaches, treatment 
      modalities, and prognostic factors is critical for providing optimal patient 
      care. Still, continued research efforts and multidisciplinary collaboration are 
      warranted, in order to improve outcomes for patients diagnosed with these rare 
      and aggressive tumors.
CI  - (c) 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Sideris, Giorgos
AU  - Sideris G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5748-091X
AD  - 2Nd Otolaryngology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National & 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, 
      Athens, Greece. siderisgior@gmail.com.
FAU - Solomos, Panagiotis
AU  - Solomos P
AD  - 2Nd Otolaryngology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National & 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, 
      Athens, Greece.
FAU - Gogoulos, Panagiotis
AU  - Gogoulos P
AD  - 2Nd Otolaryngology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National & 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, 
      Athens, Greece.
FAU - Margaris, Ioannis
AU  - Margaris I
AD  - 4Th Department of Surgery, "Attikon" University Hospital National & Kapodistrian 
      University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
FAU - Panagoulis, Evangelos
AU  - Panagoulis E
AD  - 2Nd Otolaryngology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National & 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, 
      Athens, Greece.
FAU - Vlastarakos, Petros
AU  - Vlastarakos P
AD  - 2Nd Otolaryngology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National & 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, 
      Athens, Greece.
FAU - Karamagkiolas, Sotirios
AU  - Karamagkiolas S
AD  - 2Nd Otolaryngology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National & 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, 
      Athens, Greece.
FAU - Tzagkaroulakis, Michael
AU  - Tzagkaroulakis M
AD  - 2Nd Otolaryngology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National & 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, 
      Athens, Greece.
FAU - Nikolopoulos, Thomas
AU  - Nikolopoulos T
AD  - 2Nd Otolaryngology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National & 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, 
      Athens, Greece.
FAU - Delides, Alexander
AU  - Delides A
AD  - 2Nd Otolaryngology Department, "Attikon" University Hospital, National & 
      Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Rimini 1, 12462, Chaidari, 
      Athens, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20240319
PL  - Germany
TA  - Oral Maxillofac Surg
JT  - Oral and maxillofacial surgery
JID - 101319632
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Neuroendocrine tumors
OT  - Olfactory neuroblastoma
OT  - Review
OT  - Sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas
OT  - Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas
OT  - Skull base tumors
EDAT- 2024/03/19 18:42
MHDA- 2024/03/19 18:42
CRDT- 2024/03/19 12:08
PHST- 2023/12/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/03/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/19 18:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/19 18:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/19 12:08 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s10006-024-01240-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10006-024-01240-3 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024 Mar 19. doi: 10.1007/s10006-024-01240-3.