PMID- 38503707
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240322
IS  - 1872-2059 (Electronic)
IS  - 1000-8713 (Print)
IS  - 1000-8713 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 3
DP  - 2024 Mar 8
TI  - [Determination of nine aromatic amines in water by cloud point extraction-gas 
      chromatography-mass spectrometry].
PG  - 296-303
LID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2023.06002 [doi]
AB  - Aromatic amines are a class of compounds bearing amino groups on their benzene 
      rings; these compounds are important raw materials for the industrial production 
      of rubber chemicals, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, photosensitive chemicals, 
      and agricultural chemicals. Research has revealed that some aromatic amines 
      teratogenetic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. Given the high toxicity 
      and potential harm caused by aromatic amines, monitoring their levels in water 
      sources is critical. Aromatic amines are among the 14 strategic environmental 
      pollutants blacklisted in China, and assessing their exposure levels is essential 
      for protecting human health and the environment. At present, the standard method 
      for detecting aromatic amines in water is liquid-liquid extraction-gas 
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (LLE-GC-MS). However, this method has the 
      disadvantages of large sample size requirement, complex operation, long analysis 
      time, and high reagent consumption. In this study, instead of traditional LLE 
      technology, cloud point extraction (CPE) technology was used in combination with 
      GC-MS to establish an efficient, sensitive, and environment-friendly method for 
      the detection of nine aromatic amines, namely, 2-chloramine, 3-chloramine, 
      4-chloramine, 2-nitroaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 4-nitroaniline, 1-naphthylamine, 
      2-naphthylamine, and 4-aminobenzene, in water. Triton X-114 was used as the 
      extraction agent. The main experimental parameters were optimized using a 
      single-factor optimization method. The aromatic amines in various water samples 
      were quantitatively analyzed using GC-MS. The nine aromatic amines were separated 
      on a DB-35 MS capillary column (30 mx0.25 mmx0.25 mum). The mass spectrometer was 
      operated in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, and quantitative analysis was 
      performed using the internal standard method. The results demonstrated that all 
      nine aromatic amines could be completely separated within 16 min and had good 
      linearities within accurate mass concentration ranges, with correlation 
      coefficients (R(2)) greater than 0.998. The limits of detection (LODs) and 
      quantification (LOQs) of these aromatic amines in water were 0.12-0.48 and 
      0.40-1.60 mug/L, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the method were 
      assessed via the determination of aromatic amines in surface water of drinking 
      water sources, offshore seawater, wastewater of the typical printing and dyeing 
      industry at levels of 2.0 and 10.0 mug/L. The recoveries of the aromatic amines in 
      surface water of drinking water sources were 81.1%-109.8%, with intra-day and 
      inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.7%-5.2% (n=6) and 1.6%-6.2% 
      (n=3), respectively. The recoveries of the aromatic amines in offshore seawater 
      were 83.0%-115.8%, with intra-day RSDs (n=6) of 1.5%-8.6% and inter-day RSDs 
      (n=3) of 2.4%-12.2%. The recoveries of the nine aromatic amines in wastewater of 
      the typical printing and dyeing industry were 91.0%-120.0%, with intra-day RSDs 
      (n=6) of 2.9%-12.9% and inter-day RSDs (n=3) of 2.5%-13.1%. The established 
      method was used to detect nine aromatic amines in actual water samples. No 
      aromatic amines were detected in the surface water of drinking water sources or 
      offshore seawater samples. However, 2-chloramine, 4-chloramine, and 
      4-aminobenzene, which are frequently used in the printing and dyeing industry, 
      were detected in the wastewater of the typical printing and dyeing industry 
      samples. The proposed method offers the advantages of simple operation, high 
      sensitivity, low cost, low organic reagent requirement, and good repeatability. 
      Thus, this method provides reliable technical support for studying the residual 
      status and environmental behavior of aromatic amines in water.
FAU - Yang, Chao
AU  - Yang C
AD  - Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210013, 
      China.
FAU - Liu, Jing-Long
AU  - Liu JL
AD  - Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210013, 
      China.
FAU - Xu, Xiao-Jian
AU  - Xu XJ
AD  - Yangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225007, 
      China.
FAU - Wu, Li-Juan
AU  - Wu LJ
AD  - Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210013, 
      China.
FAU - Yin, Ming-Ming
AU  - Yin MM
AD  - Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210013, 
      China.
FAU - Dai, Wei
AU  - Dai W
AD  - Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210013, 
      China.
FAU - Han, Qian
AU  - Han Q
AD  - Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210013, 
      China.
LA  - chi
PT  - English Abstract
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - China
TA  - Se Pu
JT  - Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography
JID - 9424804
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC10951809
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - aromatic amines
OT  - cloud point extraction (CPE)
OT  - environmental water sample
OT  - gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
EDAT- 2024/03/20 00:42
MHDA- 2024/03/20 00:43
PMCR- 2024/03/08
CRDT- 2024/03/19 23:23
PHST- 2024/03/20 00:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/20 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/19 23:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/03/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2023.06002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Se Pu. 2024 Mar 8;42(3):296-303. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2023.06002.