PMID- 38504109
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240321
LR  - 20240323
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Mar 19
TI  - Race and geography impact validity of maximum allowable standing height equations 
      for para-athletes.
PG  - 6551
LID - 10.1038/s41598-024-56597-y [doi]
LID - 6551
AB  - World Athletics use maximum allowable standing height (MASH) equations for 
      para-athletes with bilateral lower extremity amputations to estimate stature and 
      limit prosthesis length since longer prostheses can provide running performance 
      advantages. The equations were developed using a white Spanish population; 
      however, validation for other races and geographical groups is limited. This 
      study aimed to determine the validity of the MASH equations for Black and white 
      Americans and whether bias errors between calculated and measured stature were 
      similar between these populations. Sitting height, thigh length, upper arm 
      length, forearm length, and arm span of 1899 male and 1127 female Black and white 
      Americans from the Anthropometric Survey of US Army Personnel database were input 
      into the 6 sex-specific MASH equations to enable comparisons of calculated and 
      measured statures within and between Black and white groups. Two of 12 MASH 
      equations validly calculated stature for Black Americans and 3 of 12 equations 
      were valid for white Americans. Bias errors indicated greater underestimation or 
      lesser overestimation of calculated statures in 10 equations for Black compared 
      to white Americans and in 2 equations for white compared to Black Americans. This 
      study illustrates that race and geography impact the validity of MASH equations.
CI  - (c) 2024. The Author(s).
FAU - Baum, Brian S
AU  - Baum BS
AD  - , Cambridge, USA. bsbaumres@gmail.com.
AD  - MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA. 
      bsbaumres@gmail.com.
FAU - Man, Constance
AU  - Man C
AD  - , Cambridge, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240319
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Anthropometry
MH  - Arm/anatomy & histology
MH  - *Body Height
MH  - *Para-Athletes
MH  - *Sports
MH  - Black or African American
MH  - Amputation, Surgical
MH  - Prostheses and Implants
MH  - White
PMC - PMC10951375
COIS- The authors' work was funded by World Athletics. The sponsor had no involvement 
      in the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; 
      writing of the report; or decision to submit the article for publication.
EDAT- 2024/03/20 06:45
MHDA- 2024/03/21 12:47
PMCR- 2024/03/19
CRDT- 2024/03/20 00:36
PHST- 2023/03/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/03/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/21 12:47 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/20 06:45 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/20 00:36 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/03/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-024-56597-y [pii]
AID - 56597 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-024-56597-y [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 19;14(1):6551. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56597-y.