PMID- 38515534
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240323
IS  - 2297-1769 (Print)
IS  - 2297-1769 (Electronic)
IS  - 2297-1769 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2024
TI  - Dog and cat exposures to drugs of abuse identified by the California animal 
      health and food safety laboratory system 2013-2023.
PG  - 1372614
LID - 10.3389/fvets.2024.1372614 [doi]
LID - 1372614
AB  - INTRODUCTION: While known animal exposures to human "drugs of abuse" (DA) were 
      previously considered relatively uncommon in veterinary medicine, the trends are 
      changing. Marijuana and amphetamines are among the 20 toxicants most frequently 
      consulted about with the Pet Poison Helpline. When such exposures occur, they are 
      typically considered emergencies. METHODS: This retrospective study describes 
      confirmed cases of DA exposure in pets from the California Animal Health and Food 
      Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS), 2013-2023. RESULTS: Fifty-seven samples tested 
      positive for DA through liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry 
      analysis (qualitative method). In 75% (43/57) of the DA screen tests, the 
      detected drugs included amphetamine-type stimulants and metabolites 
      (methamphetamine, amphetamine, or both). In 47% (27/57) of cases, a combination 
      of more than one drug group was found. Most cases were diagnosed from a urine 
      specimen. In at least 32% (18/57) of cases, the samples were submitted due to 
      suspicions of animal cruelty, and at least 41% (23/57) of the patients were 
      deceased when the samples were submitted. DISCUSSION: More studies on the 
      prevalence of illicit drugs in small animals, using confirmatory testing, are 
      warranted to fully understand the significance of this emerging toxicological 
      hazard in veterinary medicine.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 Klainbart, Sykes and Poppenga.
FAU - Klainbart, Sigal
AU  - Klainbart S
AD  - California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of 
      California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
AD  - Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching 
      Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of 
      Agricultural, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 
      Israel.
FAU - Sykes, Chelsea A
AU  - Sykes CA
AD  - California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of 
      California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
FAU - Poppenga, Robert H
AU  - Poppenga RH
AD  - California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of 
      California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240307
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Vet Sci
JT  - Frontiers in veterinary science
JID - 101666658
PMC - PMC10954829
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - amphetamine
OT  - illicit
OT  - liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
OT  - methamphetamine
OT  - opiates
OT  - recreational
OT  - toxicology
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2024/03/22 06:44
MHDA- 2024/03/22 06:45
PMCR- 2024/01/01
CRDT- 2024/03/22 03:55
PHST- 2024/01/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/02/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/22 06:45 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/22 06:44 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/22 03:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fvets.2024.1372614 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Vet Sci. 2024 Mar 7;11:1372614. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1372614. 
      eCollection 2024.