PMID- 38518271
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240325
LR  - 20240405
IS  - 1536-3686 (Electronic)
IS  - 1075-2765 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 2
DP  - 2024 Mar-Apr 01
TI  - Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care 
      Clinicians-3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA).
PG  - e141-e154
LID - 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001722 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: After becoming notorious for its use as a party drug in the 1980s, 
      3,4-methylenedioxy-methampetamine (MDMA), also known by its street names "molly" 
      and "ecstasy," has emerged as a powerful treatment for post-traumatic stress 
      disorder (PTSD). AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: There are extensive data about the risk 
      profile of MDMA. However, the literature is significantly biased. Animal models 
      demonstrating neurotoxic or adverse effects used doses well beyond the range that 
      would be expected in humans (up to 40 mg/kg in rats compared with roughly 1-2 
      mg/kg in humans). Furthermore, human samples often comprise recreational users 
      who took other substances in addition to MDMA, in uncontrolled settings. 
      THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES: Phase III clinical trials led by the Multidisciplinary 
      Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) have shown that MDMA-assisted 
      psychotherapy has an effect size of d = 0.7-0.91, up to 2-3 times higher than the 
      effect sizes of existing antidepressant treatments. 67%-71% of patients who 
      undergo MDMA-assisted psychotherapy no longer meet the diagnostic criteria for 
      PTSD within 18 weeks. We also describe other promising applications of 
      MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treating alcohol use disorder, social anxiety, 
      and other psychiatric conditions. LIMITATIONS: Thus far, almost all clinical 
      trials on MDMA have been sponsored by a single organization, MAPS. More work is 
      needed to determine whether MDMA-assisted therapy is more effective than existing 
      nonpharmacological treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Phase III trials suggest that MDMA is superior to antidepressant medications for 
      treating PTSD. Now that MAPS has officially requested the Food and Drug 
      Administration to approve MDMA as a treatment for PTSD, legal MDMA-assisted 
      therapy may become available as soon as 2024.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Shinozuka, Kenneth
AU  - Shinozuka K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2859-9161
AD  - Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, University of Oxford, Oxford, United 
      Kingdom.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
FAU - Tabaac, Burton J
AU  - Tabaac BJ
AD  - University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV.
AD  - Department of Neurology, Carson Tahoe Health, Carson City, NV.
FAU - Arenas, Alejandro
AU  - Arenas A
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 
      Seattle, WA.
FAU - Beutler, Bryce D
AU  - Beutler BD
AD  - University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
FAU - Cherian, Kirsten
AU  - Cherian K
AD  - Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 
      CA.
FAU - Evans, Viviana D
AU  - Evans VD
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
FAU - Fasano, Chelsey
AU  - Fasano C
AD  - Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY.
FAU - Muir, Owen S
AU  - Muir OS
AD  - Fermata Health, Brooklyn, NY; and.
AD  - Acacia Clinics, Sunnyvale, CA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Ther
JT  - American journal of therapeutics
JID - 9441347
RN  - 0 (Antidepressive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Rats
MH  - Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
MH  - *Hallucinogens/therapeutic use
MH  - *Methamphetamine/therapeutic use
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/therapeutic use/pharmacology
MH  - Primary Health Care
MH  - Psychotherapy
MH  - *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy/psychology
COIS- The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
EDAT- 2024/03/22 18:44
MHDA- 2024/03/25 06:42
CRDT- 2024/03/22 17:50
PHST- 2024/03/25 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/22 18:44 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/22 17:50 [entrez]
AID - 00045391-202404000-00006 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001722 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Ther. 2024 Mar-Apr 01;31(2):e141-e154. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001722.