PMID- 38533067
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240328
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 6
DP  - 2024 Mar 30
TI  - Validation of the Italian version of the Neuroception of Psychological Safety 
      Scale (NPSS).
PG  - e27625
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27625 [doi]
LID - e27625
AB  - Research on the neuroscience of fear in both humans and non-humans has suggested 
      that a lack of acquisition of safety cues might be a biological hallmark of 
      posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Danger perception, and in particular, 
      feeling as one's own life is in danger, is thought to represent a major predictor 
      of PTSD. Persistent danger perception is concurrently associated with a 
      persistence of lack of safety. However, despite several research efforts, no 
      validated psychometric tools exist regarding psychological safety as a unique 
      core construct in the domain of a soothing-contentment system. By including 
      social, compassionate, and bodily components, the Neuroception of Psychological 
      Safety Scale (NPSS), neurophysiologically rooted in the polyvagal theory, aims to 
      specifically assess psychological safety. Originally developed in English, we 
      employed a rather large non clinical sample to validate our Italian translation 
      of the NPSS (n = 338) and the scale was found to retain a three-factor structure. 
      In light of its positive moderate correlations with the Unconditional 
      Self-Kindness Scale (rho = 0.376) and the Self-Compassion Scale-Short-Form 
      (rho = 0.481), good convergent validity and robust psychometric properties were 
      shown by the NPSS. The Subjective Traumatic Outlook Questionnaire (rho = -0.283) 
      and the three subscales of the Body Perception Questionnaire-22-Body Awareness 
      (rho = -0.103), Supradiaphragmatic Reactivity (rho = -0.234), and Body 
      Awareness/Subdiaphragmatic Reactivity (rho = -0.146)-were found to have weak 
      negative correlations with the NPSS, which further demonstrated its good 
      discriminant validity. Eventually, the NPSS was found to show good test-retest 
      reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.922; three-week time 
      interval), and its usage is fostered in clinical and research contexts where the 
      evaluation of psychological safety is of relevance.
CI  - (c) 2024 The Authors.
FAU - Poli, Andrea
AU  - Poli A
AD  - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, 
      Pisa, Italy.
FAU - Miccoli, Mario
AU  - Miccoli M
AD  - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, 
      Pisa, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240316
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC10963227
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Body perception
OT  - Neuroception
OT  - Polyvagal theory
OT  - Psychological safety
OT  - Psychological trauma
OT  - Psychometrics
COIS- The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships 
      which may be considered as potential competing interests: Andrea Poli reports a 
      relationship with Cell Press that includes: board membership.
EDAT- 2024/03/27 06:43
MHDA- 2024/03/27 06:44
PMCR- 2024/03/16
CRDT- 2024/03/27 03:50
PHST- 2023/03/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/02/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/03/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/27 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/27 06:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/27 03:50 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/03/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(24)03656-9 [pii]
AID - e27625 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27625 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2024 Mar 16;10(6):e27625. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27625. 
      eCollection 2024 Mar 30.