PMID- 38540669
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240329
LR  - 20240330
IS  - 2218-273X (Electronic)
IS  - 2218-273X (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 3
DP  - 2024 Feb 20
TI  - HIIT Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Sympathetic Nerve Density to Induce 
      Adipose Tissue Browning in T2DM Mice.
LID - 10.3390/biom14030246 [doi]
LID - 246
AB  - Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a focus of research in type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM) and metabolism, which may be a potential molecular mechanism for 
      high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to improve T2DM. In this study, male 
      C57BL/6J wild-type mice were subjected to an 8-week HIIT regimen following T2DM 
      induction through a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) 
      injection. We found that HIIT improved glucose metabolism, body weight, and fat 
      mass in T2DM mice. HIIT also decreased adipocyte size and induced browning of 
      WAT. Our data revealed a decrease in TNFalpha and an increase in IL-10 with HIIT, 
      although the expression of chemokines MCP-1 and CXCL14 was increased. We observed 
      increased pan-macrophage infiltration induced by HIIT, along with a simultaneous 
      decrease in the expression of M1 macrophage markers (iNOS and CD11c) and an 
      increase in M2 macrophage markers (Arg1 and CD206), suggesting that HIIT promotes 
      M2 macrophage polarization. Additionally, HIIT upregulated the expression of 
      Slit3 and neurotrophic factors (BDNF and NGF). The expression of the sympathetic 
      marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the nerve growth marker GAP43 was also 
      increased, demonstrating the promotion of sympathetic nerve growth and density by 
      HIIT. Notably, we observed macrophages co-localizing with TH, and HIIT induced 
      the accumulation of M2 macrophages around sympathetic nerves, suggesting a 
      potential association between M2 macrophages and increased density of sympathetic 
      nerves. In conclusion, HIIT induces adipose tissue browning and improves glucose 
      metabolism in T2DM mice by enhancing M2 macrophage polarization and promoting 
      sympathetic nerve growth and density.
FAU - Guo, Yifan
AU  - Guo Y
AD  - Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 
      200438, China.
AD  - The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 
      University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
FAU - Zhang, Qilong
AU  - Zhang Q
AD  - Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 
      200438, China.
AD  - The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 
      University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
FAU - Yang, Dan
AU  - Yang D
AD  - Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 
      200438, China.
AD  - The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 
      University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
FAU - Chen, Peijie
AU  - Chen P
AD  - Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 
      200438, China.
AD  - The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 
      University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
FAU - Xiao, Weihua
AU  - Xiao W
AD  - Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 
      200438, China.
AD  - The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 
      University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 32371185/the National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 23010504200/the Shanghai Science and Technology Plan Project/
GR  - 20SG50/Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipale 
      Education Commission/
GR  - YJSCX-2023-018/the Research and Innovation Grant for Graduate Students, Shanghai 
      University of Sport/
GR  - 2022KF001/the Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education 
      (Shanghai University of Sport)/
GR  - 11DZ2261100/the Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of 
      Sport)/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240220
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Biomolecules
JT  - Biomolecules
JID - 101596414
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Slit3 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Animals
MH  - Mice
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
MH  - *High-Intensity Interval Training
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Adipose Tissue/metabolism
MH  - Macrophages/metabolism
MH  - Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
MH  - Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Membrane Proteins/metabolism
PMC - PMC10968334
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - high-intensity interval training
OT  - innervation
OT  - macrophage
OT  - sympathetic nervous system
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - white adipose tissue browning
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2024/03/28 06:45
MHDA- 2024/03/29 06:45
PMCR- 2024/02/20
CRDT- 2024/03/28 01:09
PHST- 2024/01/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/02/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/02/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/29 06:45 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/28 06:45 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/28 01:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/02/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - biom14030246 [pii]
AID - biomolecules-14-00246 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/biom14030246 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomolecules. 2024 Feb 20;14(3):246. doi: 10.3390/biom14030246.