PMID- 38544721
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240329
IS  - 2666-3546 (Electronic)
IS  - 2666-3546 (Linking)
VI  - 37
DP  - 2024 May
TI  - How is inflammation biology truly associated with depression in patients with 
      stable coronary heart disease?: Insights from the heart and Soul study.
PG  - 100747
LID - 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100747 [doi]
LID - 100747
AB  - Depression is known to be associated with inflammation among patients with 
      established coronary heart disease (CHD), but it is unclear whether this is due 
      to individual depression symptoms or to the broader construct of depression. We 
      addressed this gap by using moderated non-linear factor analysis (MNLFA) to 
      determine the extent that inflammation is associated with latent depression 
      and/or individual symptoms in this patient group. We evaluated 1,024 outpatients 
      with stable CHD from the baseline cross-sectional data of the Heart and Soul 
      Study. Depression was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, 
      while inflammation was evaluated via C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 
      (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and monocyte chemoattractant 
      protein-1 (MCP-1) levels. MNLFA is based on the concept of model parameter 
      moderation with regard to individual characteristics. Using the MNLFA approach, 
      we simultaneously tested for differences in (1) latent depression, (2) individual 
      depression items, and (3) the factor loading of the item on latent depression as 
      a function of inflammatory markers, with and without covariate adjustment. Higher 
      TNF-alpha levels were associated with both higher levels of a latent depression 
      factor and greater endorsement of an individual symptom (appetite changes). 
      Increased CRP levels were significantly associated with greater appetite changes, 
      lower concentration difficulty, and greater fatigue. Elevated IL-6 levels were 
      only related to greater fatigue, while increased MCP-1 levels were linked to 
      greater sleep disturbance. After adjusting for covariates, some associations 
      became insignificant. Inflammatory markers were not consistent predictors of 
      factor loadings. This study represents the initial step to discussing how 
      inflammation biology is truly related to depression among patients with 
      established CHD.
CI  - (c) 2024 The Authors.
FAU - Lee, Chiyoung
AU  - Lee C
AD  - University of Arizona College of Nursing, Tucson, AZ, USA.
FAU - Whooley, Mary
AU  - Whooley M
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of 
      Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
AD  - San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
FAU - Yang, Qing
AU  - Yang Q
AD  - School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
FAU - Moriarity, Daniel P
AU  - Moriarity DP
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 
      Los Angeles, CA, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240312
PL  - United States
TA  - Brain Behav Immun Health
JT  - Brain, behavior, & immunity - health
JID - 101759062
PMC - PMC10966189
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Coronary heart disease
OT  - Depression
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Moderated non-linear factor analysis
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2024/03/28 06:44
MHDA- 2024/03/28 06:45
PMCR- 2024/03/12
CRDT- 2024/03/28 03:51
PHST- 2023/11/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/02/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/02/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/28 06:45 [medline]
PHST- 2024/03/28 06:44 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/03/28 03:51 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/03/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2666-3546(24)00025-5 [pii]
AID - 100747 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100747 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Brain Behav Immun Health. 2024 Mar 12;37:100747. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100747. 
      eCollection 2024 May.