PMID- 4001850
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19850709
LR  - 20071114
IS  - 0586-5581 (Print)
IS  - 0586-5581 (Linking)
IP  - Pt 1
DP  - 1985
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy methodology for study of the pathophysiology of 
      calcification in bioprosthetic heart valves.
PG  - 209-13
AB  - Scanning electron microscope (SEM) morphologic analysis combined with energy 
      dispersive characteristic X-ray (EDX) microprobe analysis provides insight into 
      the mechanisms associated with disease-related crystal formation in biological 
      materials. SEM and EDX were employed in analyzing specimens which were embedded 
      in standard fashion in glycolmethacrylate. The specimen surfaces under electron 
      microscope investigation resulted from microtomy used in the preparation of 
      reference light microscope histological sections; thus histology served as a 
      direct reference for the SEM and EDX analyses. The particular application of 
      these methods was in the study of bioprosthetic heart valve calcification, 
      largely responsible for clinical failure of these heart valve substitutes. To 
      simulate the clinically observed mineralization processes, 
      glutaraldehyde-pretreated porcine heart valve leaflets were implanted 
      subcutaneously in rats and subsequently removed at various time intervals from 1 
      to 56 days. Also, to address the hypothesis that the calcification process 
      generates crystalline materials analogous to those in bone, EDX data obtained 
      from pure hydroxyapatite were compared with the embedded tissue results. Further, 
      EDX results were compared with data obtained by chemical analysis of the bulk 
      specimens to assess the validity of the electron microscope technique.
FAU - Nelson, A C
AU  - Nelson AC
FAU - Schoen, F J
AU  - Schoen FJ
FAU - Levy, R J
AU  - Levy RJ
LA  - eng
GR  - HL32261/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - HL32346/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Scan Electron Microsc
JT  - Scanning electron microscopy
JID - 0371617
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Bioprosthesis
MH  - Calcinosis/*pathology
MH  - Electron Probe Microanalysis
MH  - *Heart Valve Prosthesis
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/*methods
MH  - Rats
EDAT- 1985/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1985/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 1985/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1985/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1985/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1985/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Scan Electron Microsc. 1985;(Pt 1):209-13.