PMID- 6521493
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19850314
LR  - 20190829
IS  - 0378-8741 (Print)
IS  - 0378-8741 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 2
DP  - 1984 Nov
TI  - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants Part 2: 
      Constituents of orally-active Myristicaceous hallucinogens.
PG  - 179-211
AB  - Alkaloid constituents in Myristicaceous bark and leaf samples and in purportedly 
      hallucinogenic preparations derived from Myristicaceous sources were 
      qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using TLC, GC, alkaloid precipitation 
      tests and GC/MS. Fourteen of the 27 bark and leaf samples analyzed contained 
      detectable amounts of alkaloids. The major bases were N,N-dimethyltryptamine 
      (DMT) and/or 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT); much smaller amounts 
      of tryptamine and/or N-methyl-tryptamine (NMT) were also usually present. 
      beta-Carbolines were not detected in the bark or leaf samples. Considerable 
      variation in alkaloid profiles was found, extending to different collections of 
      the same species. Fourteen of the 20 Virola samples contained alkaloids; none of 
      the 6 Iryanthera species had detectable alkaloids. Osteophloem platyspermum 
      contained an indolic base, identified as N-methyl-tryptophan methyl ester. Seven 
      samples of an orally-ingested drug made from Virola spp. were analyzed. All 
      except one contained substantial amounts of tryptamines; the types and 
      proportions of tryptamines present varied greatly between samples. Samples of 
      Yanomama snuff including various admixtures were analyzed and all components but 
      one contained tryptamines. The drug samples having the highest concentrations of 
      alkaloids contained 15-20 mg/g dry wt while the Myristicaceous bark and leaf 
      samples had much lower concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 0.25 mg/g dry wt. 
      beta-Carbolines were detected as trace constituents in only two of the 
      Myristicaceous drug samples. Four Myristicaceous paste samples were bioassayed in 
      self-experiments. Two of the samples were devoid of detectable hallucinogenic or 
      physiological activity, while some degree of oral activity was detected in two 
      other samples. The activity of a number of tryptamine derivatives as monoamine 
      oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) was investigated using an in vitro enzyme assay. 
      Activity was measured using single compounds and mixtures of compounds and the 
      results were compared to the activity of samples of orally-ingested 
      Myristicaceous pastes. Tryptamine derivatives had significantly less MAOI 
      activity than the activity of beta-carboline derivatives measured in a previous 
      study. Some structural correlations for MAOI activity were found for the 
      tryptamine derivatives. Samples of orally-ingested Myristicaceous pastes were 
      assayed for MAOI activity. The inhibition elicited by the paste samples was 
      closely matched by mixtures of tryptamine standards having comparable proportions 
      and concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
FAU - McKenna, D J
AU  - McKenna DJ
FAU - Towers, G H
AU  - Towers GH
FAU - Abbott, F S
AU  - Abbott FS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Ireland
TA  - J Ethnopharmacol
JT  - Journal of ethnopharmacology
JID - 7903310
RN  - 0 (Alkaloids)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 0 (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Tryptamines)
RN  - 422ZU9N5TV (tryptamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Alkaloids/*analysis/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chemical Phenomena
MH  - Chemistry
MH  - Chromatography, Gas
MH  - Hallucinogens/*analysis
MH  - In Vitro Techniques
MH  - Liver/enzymology
MH  - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/*analysis
MH  - Plants, Medicinal/*analysis
MH  - Rats
MH  - South America
MH  - Tryptamines/analysis
EDAT- 1984/11/01 00:00
MHDA- 1984/11/01 00:01
CRDT- 1984/11/01 00:00
PHST- 1984/11/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1984/11/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1984/11/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 0378-8741(84)90048-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/0378-8741(84)90048-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Ethnopharmacol. 1984 Nov;12(2):179-211. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(84)90048-5.