PMID- 6719100
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19840614
LR  - 20240109
IS  - 0048-9697 (Print)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 3
DP  - 1984 Mar 15
TI  - The speciation of the chemical forms of arsenic in the biological monitoring of 
      exposure to inorganic arsenic.
PG  - 241-59
AB  - Total As content may be determined in blood and urine by means of an AAS method 
      that involves reduction of As to its volatile hydride and ashing at 600 degrees C 
      with MgO and Mg (NO3)2. Separation of inorganic As (InAs), monomethylarsonic acid 
      (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) by ion-exchange chromatography, followed by 
      direct AAS analysis, allows the determination of each As species in the urine. In 
      a reference population of 148 subjects with only normal environmental exposure to 
      As, total As concentration in the urine averages 17.2 +/- 11.1 micrograms/l. 
      Urinary As consists of 10% each of InAs, MMAA and DMAA, the remaining 70% 
      consisting of other forms of organic As. Blood As concentration averages 5.1 +/- 
      6.9 micrograms/l and correlates significantly with the urinary concentration of 
      InAs and the sum of its metabolites (InAs + MMAA + DMAA). Inorganic arsenic 
      undergoes methylation in the organism. After ingestion of high quantities of 
      As2O3, the time course of excretion of its metabolites indicates that As 
      methylation occurs by a saturable mechanism. In workers exposed to As2O3, InAs, 
      MMAA and DMAA are the only chemical forms of As excreted in the urine that are 
      relevant to a study of occupational exposure. Blood As concentration is 
      proportional to exposure and correlates only with urinary DMAA excretion; DMAA 
      seems to be the most appropriate single indicator of exposure. At high levels of 
      exposure (total As excretion above 200 micrograms/l), As accumulates in the 
      organism and DMAA excretion reflects its accumulation. At low levels of exposure 
      (total As excretion below 50 micrograms/l) a short-term accumulation does not 
      occur and the best biological indicator of exposure is InAs excretion. Seafood 
      ingestion brings about a marked increase in urinary excretion of total As that 
      lasts for 24-48 h and is not accompanied by any increase in InAs, MMAA or DMAA 
      excretion. Organic As from seafood does not mix with the pool of inorganic As in 
      the organism and may be separately detected in urine. In the biological 
      monitoring of human exposure to As, particularly in the case of high urinary 
      values, the speciation of the chemical forms of As in urine is necessary in order 
      to establish with certainty the source, industrial or alimentary, of exposure.
FAU - Foa, V
AU  - Foa V
FAU - Colombi, A
AU  - Colombi A
FAU - Maroni, M
AU  - Maroni M
FAU - Buratti, M
AU  - Buratti M
FAU - Calzaferri, G
AU  - Calzaferri G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Arsenicals)
RN  - 0 (Arsenites)
RN  - 0 (Oxides)
RN  - AJ2HL7EU8K (Cacodylic Acid)
RN  - J37VJ5709S (monomethylarsonic acid)
RN  - N5509X556J (arsenite)
RN  - N712M78A8G (Arsenic)
RN  - S7V92P67HO (Arsenic Trioxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Arsenic/administration & dosage/*metabolism
MH  - Arsenic Trioxide
MH  - Arsenicals/metabolism
MH  - *Arsenites
MH  - Cacodylic Acid/metabolism
MH  - Chromatography, Ion Exchange
MH  - Environmental Exposure
MH  - Food Analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Oxides
MH  - Spectrophotometry, Atomic
EDAT- 1984/03/15 00:00
MHDA- 1984/03/15 00:01
CRDT- 1984/03/15 00:00
PHST- 1984/03/15 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1984/03/15 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1984/03/15 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 0048-9697(84)90066-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/0048-9697(84)90066-4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 1984 Mar 15;34(3):241-59. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(84)90066-4.