PMID- 7552586
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19951121
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1081-5589 (Print)
IS  - 1081-5589 (Linking)
VI  - 43
IP  - 4
DP  - 1995 Aug
TI  - Pulmonary responses to purified zinc oxide fume.
PG  - 371-8
AB  - BACKGROUND: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness caused by zinc oxide fume 
      inhalation and mediated by unknown mechanisms. It is one of a group of 
      work-related febrile inhalational syndromes. We studied bronchoalveolar lavage 
      (BAL) obtained from cigarette smoking and nonsmoking human volunteers after 
      controlled exposure to purified zinc oxide fume to explore the possible roles of 
      proinflammatory cytokines in this condition. METHODS: We studied 14 volunteers 
      after inhalation exposure to purified zinc oxide fume and after sham exposure to 
      air. The mean cumulative exposure was 537 +/- 232 mg min per cubic meter 
      elemental zinc. Twenty hours after exposure we performed BAL. We analyzed BAL 
      cells and studied BAL supernatant for cytokines including tumor necrosis 
      factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin(IL)-8, and IL-1 by enzyme-linked 
      immunosorbant assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were 
      significantly increased in the BAL fluid obtained post-exposure compared to sham 
      (mean difference = 41.3 +/- 16.8 x 10(3) per mL; p < 0.05). Cumulative zinc 
      exposure positively correlated with exposure-sham differences in BAL supernatant 
      concentrations of both TNF (r2 = 0.58; p = .002) and IL-8 (r2 = 0.44, p = 0.01). 
      Exposure-sham concentration differences in BAL supernatant IL-8 and BAL PMNs were 
      also positively correlated (r2 = 0.60; p < 0.001). Cigarette smoking was not 
      associated with exposure-sham differences in BAL TNF or IL-8, but did demonstrate 
      a packs-per-day dependent increase in BAL supernatant IL-1 (t = 2.3, p = 0.04) 
      post-exposure compared to sham, after taking into account the zinc exposure 
      response. CONCLUSIONS: Purified zinc oxide fume inhalation causes an 
      exposure-dependent increase in proinflammatory cytokines and PMNs in the lung. 
      This supports a role for cytokine networking in mediating metal fume fever.
FAU - Kuschner, W G
AU  - Kuschner WG
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0924, USA.
FAU - D'Alessandro, A
AU  - D'Alessandro A
FAU - Wintermeyer, S F
AU  - Wintermeyer SF
FAU - Wong, H
AU  - Wong H
FAU - Boushey, H A
AU  - Boushey HA
FAU - Blanc, P D
AU  - Blanc PD
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Controlled Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J Investig Med
JT  - Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American 
      Federation for Clinical Research
JID - 9501229
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - SOI2LOH54Z (Zinc Oxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Air Pollutants, Occupational/*adverse effects
MH  - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry
MH  - Cytokines/analysis/immunology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Female
MH  - Fever/*chemically induced/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung Diseases/*chemically induced/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Neutrophils/immunology
MH  - Occupational Diseases/*chemically induced/immunology
MH  - Single-Blind Method
MH  - Smoking
MH  - Syndrome
MH  - Zinc Oxide/*adverse effects
EDAT- 1995/08/01 00:00
MHDA- 1995/08/01 00:01
CRDT- 1995/08/01 00:00
PHST- 1995/08/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1995/08/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1995/08/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Investig Med. 1995 Aug;43(4):371-8.