PMID- 7601910
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19950809
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0270-4145 (Print)
IS  - 0270-4145 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 1
DP  - 1995 Jan-Mar
TI  - Altered gene expression in murine branchial arches following in utero exposure to 
      retinoic acid.
PG  - 13-25
AB  - Retinoic acid (RA) in the form of isotretinoin (Accutane) and tretinoin (Retin-A) 
      is a clinically important compound in the treatment of dermatologic disorders. 
      However, it is also a potent teratogen associated with a number of serious 
      congenital malformations. Generally, these malformations involve the craniofacial 
      structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. To determine how 
      altered gene expression may contribute to the observed RA-induced defects, 
      pregnant LM/Bc mice were administered (5 mg/kg) all-trans RA on gestational day 
      (GD) 8:12. First and second branchial arches were removed from control and 
      teratogen-treated embryos on GD 10:00 10:12, or 12:00, processed by in situ 
      transcription/aRNA techniques, and analyzed for alterations in gene expression. 
      In these studies, a panel of 40 candidate genes that are known to be important in 
      mammalian craniofacial development were examined. This analysis revealed 
      significant differences in the expression level of the nicotinic acetylcholine 
      receptor subunit alpha (NAChR), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF beta 2), 
      type 1 cellular retinoid binding protein (CRBP-1), retinoic acid receptor gamma 
      (RAR gamma), and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). The alterations 
      observed in the expression of these genes following RA exposure may prohibit 
      normal morphogenetic processes within the second branchial arch and lead to the 
      observed malformations.
FAU - Taylor, L E
AU  - Taylor LE
AD  - Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, Texas A&M University, College 
      Station 77843-4458, USA.
FAU - Bennett, G D
AU  - Bennett GD
FAU - Finnell, R H
AU  - Finnell RH
LA  - eng
GR  - DE 11303/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - NS 30108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - Denmark
TA  - J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol
JT  - Journal of craniofacial genetics and developmental biology
JID - 8109845
RN  - 0 (RNA, Antisense)
RN  - 0 (Teratogens)
RN  - 5688UTC01R (Tretinoin)
SB  - IM
GS  - AP-2
GS  - CRBP-1
GS  - CRBP-2
GS  - CREB
GS  - FN-1
GS  - Hox 7
GS  - Hox3.1
GS  - PAX-3
GS  - POU
GS  - Wnt-1
GS  - c-foc
GS  - c-jun
GS  - trk
MH  - Animals
MH  - Branchial Region/abnormalities/*drug effects/*embryology
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetus/abnormalities/*drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*drug effects
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred Strains
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - RNA, Antisense/chemistry
MH  - Teratogens/pharmacology
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Tretinoin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
EDAT- 1995/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1995/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 1995/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1995/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1995/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1995/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1995 Jan-Mar;15(1):13-25.