PMID- 7629175
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19950907
LR  - 20210210
IS  - 0021-9258 (Print)
IS  - 0021-9258 (Linking)
VI  - 270
IP  - 31
DP  - 1995 Aug 4
TI  - Coordinated regulation of and transcriptional activation by Xenopus thyroid 
      hormone and retinoid X receptors.
PG  - 18479-83
AB  - Thyroid hormone (T3) plays a causative role in amphibian metamorphosis. This 
      regulation is thought to be mediated by heterodimers of T3 receptors (TRs) and 
      retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We report here that Xenopus TRs can indeed form 
      strong heterodimers with Xenopus RXRs on the T3 response element (TRE) present in 
      Xenopus TR beta genes. Using a T3-responsive in vivo transcription system 
      established by introducing TRs and RXRs into Xenopus oocytes, we demonstrated 
      that TR-RXR heterodimers repressed TR beta gene promoter in the absence of T3 and 
      activated the promoter in the presence of the hormone. Furthermore, by analyzing 
      the expression of TR and RXR genes, we showed that TR and RXR genes were 
      coordinately regulated in different tissues during metamorphosis. Thus high 
      levels of their mRNAs are present in the limb during early stages of limb 
      development when morphogenesis occurs and in the tail toward the end of 
      metamorphosis when it is being resorbed. Such correlations coupled with our 
      TRE-binding and in vivo transcriptional activation experiments provide strong 
      evidence that TRs and RXRs function together to mediate the effects of T3 during 
      metamorphosis. These results further suggest a possible molecular basis for the 
      temporal regulation of tissue-specific metamorphosis.
FAU - Wong, J
AU  - Wong J
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institutes of Child Health and Human 
      Development/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
FAU - Shi, Y B
AU  - Shi YB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Biol Chem
JT  - The Journal of biological chemistry
JID - 2985121R
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Retinoic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Thyroid Hormone)
RN  - 0 (Retinoid X Receptors)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 06LU7C9H1V (Triiodothyronine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Extremities/growth & development
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Intestines/growth & development
MH  - Metamorphosis, Biological/*physiology
MH  - Oocytes/metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Conformation
MH  - Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
MH  - Retinoid X Receptors
MH  - Tail/growth & development
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tissue Distribution
MH  - Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Triiodothyronine/*metabolism
MH  - Xenopus/physiology
EDAT- 1995/08/04 00:00
MHDA- 1995/08/04 00:01
CRDT- 1995/08/04 00:00
PHST- 1995/08/04 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1995/08/04 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1995/08/04 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S0021-9258(17)46332-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1074/jbc.270.31.18479 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Biol Chem. 1995 Aug 4;270(31):18479-83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.31.18479.