PMID- 7656882
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19951004
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0954-3007 (Print)
IS  - 0954-3007 (Linking)
VI  - 49
IP  - 6
DP  - 1995 Jun
TI  - Vitamin A, folate, and iron concentrations in cord and maternal blood of 
      intra-uterine growth retarded and appropriate birth weight babies.
PG  - 391-9
AB  - OBJECTIVES: (i) To evaluate the relationship between the levels of vitamin A, 
      folate and iron in maternal blood and cord blood from mother-baby pairs who had 
      intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and appropriate birth weight (ABW) for 
      gestational age. (ii) To assess low or marginal levels of vitamin A, folate and 
      iron as risk factors for IUGR. DESIGN: Retrospective unmatched case-control 
      study. SETTING: Maternidade de Campinas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 
      Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Campinas, Hospital Albert Sabin. SUBJECTS: 
      356 mother-baby pairs who had IUGR and 356 mother-baby pairs who had ABW for 
      gestational age. INTERVENTIONS: Newborns were classified as being IUGR according 
      to the Lubchenco classification. Gestational age of the newborns was evaluated by 
      the Capurro method. Vitamin A, folate, ferritin, and haemoglobin were measured 
      respectively by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), radioimmunoassay, 
      immunoenzymetric assay and by the cyanmethaemoglobin method. RESULTS: The 
      percentages of IUGR babies with abnormal levels of nutritional indices compared 
      with ABW babies were 33.1 vs 14.6 for vitamin A, 25.7 vs 19.9 for red blood cell 
      (RBC) folate, 37.0 vs 21.4 for haemoglobin, but similar for ferritin. The 
      percentages of IUGR mothers with abnormal levels of nutritional indices compared 
      to ABW mothers were similar (1.1 vs 1.4) for vitamin A, and 36.8 vs 32.1 for RBC 
      folate. IUGR mothers were less often anaemic (43.2 vs 50.8), but tended to have 
      higher levels of ferritin (37.6 vs 23.9) compared to ABW mothers. CONCLUSIONS: 
      These results indicate marked differences in cord blood between IUGR and ABW with 
      small differences in maternal levels. They suggest that micronutrient deficiency 
      is the result of being born small rather than vice versa. The high levels of 
      ferritin in IUGR mothers may reflect subclinical maternal infection contributing 
      to IUGR. Maternal micronutrient deficiency is unlikely to be a causative factor 
      for IUGR in this population. SPONSORSHIP: ODA (Overseas Development Agency), 
      United Kingdom; CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e 
      Tecnologico), Brazil.
FAU - Rondo, P H
AU  - Rondo PH
AD  - Nutrition Department, Public Health School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Abbott, R
AU  - Abbott R
FAU - Rodrigues, L C
AU  - Rodrigues LC
FAU - Tomkins, A M
AU  - Tomkins AM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Clin Nutr
JT  - European journal of clinical nutrition
JID - 8804070
RN  - 0 (Hemoglobins)
RN  - 11103-57-4 (Vitamin A)
RN  - 9007-73-2 (Ferritins)
RN  - 935E97BOY8 (Folic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Birth Weight
MH  - Female
MH  - Ferritins/*blood
MH  - Fetal Blood/*chemistry
MH  - Fetal Growth Retardation/*blood/etiology
MH  - Folic Acid/*blood
MH  - Gestational Age
MH  - Hemoglobins/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Nutrition Assessment
MH  - Pregnancy/*blood
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Vitamin A/*blood
EDAT- 1995/06/01 00:00
MHDA- 1995/06/01 00:01
CRDT- 1995/06/01 00:00
PHST- 1995/06/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1995/06/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1995/06/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995 Jun;49(6):391-9.