PMID- 7841978
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19950303
LR  - 20161020
IS  - 1122-0643 (Print)
IS  - 1122-0643 (Linking)
VI  - 49
IP  - 5
DP  - 1994 Dec
TI  - Environment and development of respiratory allergy: I. Outdoors.
PG  - 406-11
AB  - Respiratory allergic diseases appear to be increasing in most countries. In 
      particular, asthma morbidity and mortality have been reported to be increasing 
      despite the availability of effective asthma medications. It has been also 
      observed that subjects living in urban and industrialized areas are more likely 
      to have respiratory allergic symptoms than those living in rural areas. This 
      increase has been linked to air pollution, rather than to a modification of the 
      genome of the patient. The interplay of genetic and environmental factors in the 
      development of allergic disorders remains a subject of investigation. In the 
      outdoor environment, the most important air pollutants are sulphur dioxide, ozone 
      and particulate matter, in particular diesel exhaust emissions. These pollutants, 
      besides acting as irritants, increasing airways hyper-reactivity, are thought to 
      be causal factors which act to modulate the immune response, with an adjuvant 
      activity on immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis. In other words, atopic state can be 
      upregulated by environmental influences, and some subjects develop atopic 
      diseases in response to these environmental factors. Since airborne allergens and 
      air pollutants are often both increased in the same areas, potentiation, either 
      in the degree of acquired sensitization or in the degree of the response to 
      allergens, should be considered as an important factor which might help to 
      explain the increasing frequency of allergic respiratory disease. In the light of 
      our present knowledge, it is evident that further investigation in human 
      subjects, aimed at evaluating specific agents, and their concentration in the 
      atmosphere, which can influence pulmonary function, is needed. These studies may 
      help to explain the increasing problem of asthma morbidity and mortality.
FAU - D'Amato, G
AU  - D'Amato G
AD  - Dept of Chest Diseases, Hospital A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy.
FAU - Liccardi, G
AU  - Liccardi G
FAU - Cazzola, M
AU  - Cazzola M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Italy
TA  - Monaldi Arch Chest Dis
JT  - Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace
JID - 9307314
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Air Pollutants
MH  - Air Pollutants, Occupational
MH  - Humans
MH  - Respiratory Hypersensitivity/*etiology
RF  - 82
EDAT- 1994/12/01 00:00
MHDA- 1994/12/01 00:01
CRDT- 1994/12/01 00:00
PHST- 1994/12/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1994/12/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1994/12/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 1994 Dec;49(5):406-11.