PMID- 7882986
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19950407
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0261-4189 (Print)
IS  - 1460-2075 (Electronic)
IS  - 0261-4189 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 4
DP  - 1995 Feb 15
TI  - Structural and functional studies of retroviral RNA pseudoknots involved in 
      ribosomal frameshifting: nucleotides at the junction of the two stems are 
      important for efficient ribosomal frameshifting.
PG  - 842-52
AB  - Ribosomal frameshifting, a translational mechanism used during retroviral 
      replication, involves a directed change in reading frame at a specific site at a 
      defined frequency. Such programmed frameshifting at the mouse mammary tumor virus 
      (MMTV) gag-pro shift site requires two mRNA signals: a heptanucleotide shifty 
      sequence and a pseudoknot structure positioned downstream. Using in vitro 
      translation assays and enzymatic and chemical probes for RNA structure, we have 
      defined features of the pseudoknot that promote efficient frameshifting. 
      Heterologous RNA structures, e.g. a hairpin, a tRNA or a synthetic pseudoknot, 
      substituted downstream of the shifty site fail to promote frameshifting, 
      suggesting that specific features of the MMTV pseudoknot are important for 
      function. Site-directed mutations of the MMTV pseudoknot indicate that the 
      pseudoknot junction, including an unpaired adenine nucleotide between the two 
      stems, provides a specific structural determinant for efficient frameshifting. 
      Pseudoknots derived from other retroviruses (i.e. the feline immunodeficiency 
      virus and the simian retrovirus type 1) also promote frameshifting at the MMTV 
      gag-pro shift site, dependent on the same structure at the junction of the two 
      stems.
FAU - Chen, X
AU  - Chen X
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
FAU - Chamorro, M
AU  - Chamorro M
FAU - Lee, S I
AU  - Lee SI
FAU - Shen, L X
AU  - Shen LX
FAU - Hines, J V
AU  - Hines JV
FAU - Tinoco, I Jr
AU  - Tinoco I Jr
FAU - Varmus, H E
AU  - Varmus HE
LA  - eng
GR  - CA12705/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - GM10840/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - England
TA  - EMBO J
JT  - The EMBO journal
JID - 8208664
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Viral Structural Proteins)
RN  - 9014-25-9 (RNA, Transfer)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell-Free System
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Genes, gag
MH  - Hydrogen Bonding
MH  - In Vitro Techniques
MH  - Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - *Protein Biosynthesis
MH  - RNA, Messenger/*metabolism/ultrastructure
MH  - RNA, Transfer/chemistry
MH  - RNA, Viral/*metabolism/ultrastructure
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Ribosomes/*metabolism
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
MH  - Viral Structural Proteins/genetics
PMC - PMC398151
EDAT- 1995/02/15 00:00
MHDA- 2001/03/28 10:01
PMCR- 1996/02/15
CRDT- 1995/02/15 00:00
PHST- 1995/02/15 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2001/03/28 10:01 [medline]
PHST- 1995/02/15 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1996/02/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07062.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - EMBO J. 1995 Feb 15;14(4):842-52. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07062.x.