PMID- 7935425
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19941118
LR  - 20210526
IS  - 0270-7306 (Print)
IS  - 1098-5549 (Electronic)
IS  - 0270-7306 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 11
DP  - 1994 Nov
TI  - Endogenous retinoid X receptors can function as hormone receptors in pituitary 
      cells.
PG  - 7105-10
AB  - Retinoids regulate gene transcription by interacting with both retinoic acid (RA) 
      receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Since unliganded RXRs can act 
      as heterodimerization partners for RARs and other nuclear hormone receptors, it 
      is unclear whether ligand binding by RXRs actually regulates the expression of 
      naturally occurring genes. To address this issue, we synthesized the 
      RXR-selective retinoid SR11237 and confirmed its specificity in transient 
      transfection and proteolytic susceptibility assays before using it to assess the 
      contribution of ligand-activated RXRs to retinoid action. Unlike RAR ligands, 
      SR11237 did not increase endogenous RAR beta mRNA levels in F9 embryonal 
      carcinoma cells, even though it activated transcription of an RXR-responsive 
      reporter gene in these cells. Thus, it is likely that RARs mediate the induction 
      of RAR beta gene expression by RA. In contrast, the RXR-specific ligand induced 
      rat growth hormone mRNA in GH3 pituitary cells, indicating that the effects of RA 
      on growth hormone gene expression at least in part involve ligand binding to 
      endogenous RXRs in vivo. Our results indicate that in addition to serving as 
      cofactors for other nuclear hormone receptors, endogenous RXRs can function as 
      ligand-dependent regulators of gene expression, i.e., classical nuclear hormone 
      receptors.
FAU - Davis, K D
AU  - Davis KD
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
FAU - Berrodin, T J
AU  - Berrodin TJ
FAU - Stelmach, J E
AU  - Stelmach JE
FAU - Winkler, J D
AU  - Winkler JD
FAU - Lazar, M A
AU  - Lazar MA
LA  - eng
GR  - CA 40250/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DK43806/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Cell Biol
JT  - Molecular and cellular biology
JID - 8109087
RN  - 0 (Benzoates)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Retinoic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Retinoid X Receptors)
RN  - 0 (Retinoids)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 146670-40-8 (SR 11237)
RN  - 5688UTC01R (Tretinoin)
RN  - 71441-28-6 
      (4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic 
      acid)
RN  - 9002-72-6 (Growth Hormone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Benzoates/pharmacology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
MH  - Growth Hormone/genetics
MH  - Pituitary Gland/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Retinoid X Receptors
MH  - Retinoids/pharmacology
MH  - *Transcription Factors
MH  - Tretinoin/pharmacology
PMC - PMC359244
EDAT- 1994/11/01 00:00
MHDA- 1994/11/01 00:01
PMCR- 1994/11/01
CRDT- 1994/11/01 00:00
PHST- 1994/11/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1994/11/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1994/11/01 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1994/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1128/mcb.14.11.7105-7110.1994 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Nov;14(11):7105-10. doi: 10.1128/mcb.14.11.7105-7110.1994.