PMID- 8002024
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19950126
LR  - 20190825
IS  - 0165-2478 (Print)
IS  - 0165-2478 (Linking)
VI  - 41
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 1994 Jul
TI  - Effector mechanisms against asexual erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium.
PG  - 109-14
AB  - Evidence for a role for macrophages/monocytes is largely based on in vitro not in 
      vivo observations. Products of activated macrophages particularly tumor necrosis 
      factor-alpha (TNF alpha) are implicated in the killing of parasites. Access of 
      cytokines and other factors might be through intracellular channels in the 
      infected red blood cell. The cytotoxic elements in 'crisis' serum are uncertain 
      but may include TNF, gamma-interferon (IFN gamma), and lipid peroxidases. TNF 
      alpha in excess, contributes to pathology. TNF, acting as a pyrogen and raising 
      body temperature, may moderate parasite density by killing late asexual stages. 
      Nitric oxide and other nitrogen intermediates, products of activated macrophages 
      and a number of other cell types, have been demonstrated both in vitro and in 
      vivo to have a protective role. Phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes and 
      merozoites, enhanced by the presence of immune serum in some systems, has been 
      reported. Killing of parasites by neutrophils is enhanced by immune serum and 
      cytokines TNF alpha, IFN gamma and lymphotoxin. A role for natural killer cells 
      has been suggested. Evidence for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 
      is controversial. Antibody-dependent cellular inhibitory activity (ADCI) (blood 
      monocytes plus immune IgG) has been described for P. falciparum. Evidence for an 
      important role for complement is conflicting; an involvement in the protective 
      activity of phagocytic cells is reported. Antibody isotypes have been relatively 
      little studied. In murine systems IgG2a may have a role early in the protective 
      immune response followed by IgG1. In P. falciparum ADCI activity is mediated by 
      IgG1 and IgG3, two cytophilic isotypes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
FAU - Phillips, S
AU  - Phillips S
AD  - Department of Zoology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Immunol Lett
JT  - Immunology letters
JID - 7910006
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Protozoan)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin Isotypes)
RN  - 9007-36-7 (Complement System Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/immunology
MH  - Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
MH  - Complement System Proteins/immunology
MH  - Erythrocytes/parasitology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin Isotypes/immunology
MH  - Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
MH  - Macrophages/immunology
MH  - Neutrophils/immunology
MH  - Plasmodium/growth & development/*immunology
RF  - 69
EDAT- 1994/07/01 00:00
MHDA- 1994/07/01 00:01
CRDT- 1994/07/01 00:00
PHST- 1994/07/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1994/07/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1994/07/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 0165-2478(94)90117-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/0165-2478(94)90117-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Immunol Lett. 1994 Jul;41(2-3):109-14. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(94)90117-1.