PMID- 8013501
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19940727
LR  - 20190512
IS  - 0195-668X (Print)
IS  - 0195-668X (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 3
DP  - 1994 Mar
TI  - Chronic congestive heart failure. Description and survival of 190 consecutive 
      patients with a diagnosis of chronic congestive heart failure based on clinical 
      signs and symptoms.
PG  - 303-10
AB  - The prognosis, and clinical findings related to prognosis, were examined in a 
      consecutive series of 190 patients under 76 years of age (mean 64 years) with 
      congestive heart failure (CHF). The aetiology of CHF was ischaemic heart disease 
      in 66%, hypertension in 11% and cardiomyopathy in 23%. The 2-year mortality was 
      32%. Median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 0.30, range 0.06 to 
      0.74. Eight per cent were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I, 46% in 
      II, 44% in III and 2% in IV. Multivariate analysis, excluding exercise test 
      variables, revealed seven variables with independent, significant prognostic 
      information, (hazard ratios for death in brackets): ln (natural logarithm) (LVEF) 
      (3.19), NYHA class III+IV (2.72), plasma urea > 7.6 mmol.l-1 (2.22), serum 
      creatinine > 121 mumol.l-1 (2.05), serum sodium < or = 137 mmol.l-1 (2.03), 
      pulmonary congestion on X-ray (1.86), and age > 65 years (1.86). Multivariate 
      analysis, including exercise testing, showed the following variables to contain 
      independent, significant prognostic information: increase in heart rate during 
      maximal exercise < or = 35 min-1 (3.5), ln (LVEF) (3.7), serum creatinine > 121 
      mumol.l-1 (2.9), maximal exercise time < or = 4 min (2.3), serum sodium < or = 
      137 mmol.l-1 (2.5), ischaemic heart disease (2.0) and plasma urea > 7.6 mmol.l-1 
      (1.9). In conclusion, patients with CHF have a high risk of death despite 
      intensive medical treatment. LVEF is a strong predictor of mortality. Both NYHA 
      class and exercise variables have strong independent prognostic information as 
      regards mortality in combination with LVEF, but are mutually exclusive.
FAU - Madsen, B K
AU  - Madsen BK
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
FAU - Hansen, J F
AU  - Hansen JF
FAU - Stokholm, K H
AU  - Stokholm KH
FAU - Brons, J
AU  - Brons J
FAU - Husum, D
AU  - Husum D
FAU - Mortensen, L S
AU  - Mortensen LS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Eur Heart J
JT  - European heart journal
JID - 8006263
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Exercise Test
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Failure/diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology/mortality/*physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Stroke Volume
MH  - Survival Rate
MH  - *Ventricular Function, Left
EDAT- 1994/03/01 00:00
MHDA- 1994/03/01 00:01
CRDT- 1994/03/01 00:00
PHST- 1994/03/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1994/03/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1994/03/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060495 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Heart J. 1994 Mar;15(3):303-10. doi: 
      10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060495.