PMID- 8013613
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19940726
LR  - 20190821
IS  - 0903-1936 (Print)
IS  - 0903-1936 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 3
DP  - 1994 Mar
TI  - Animal models of occupational asthma.
PG  - 555-68
AB  - Occupational asthma is characterized by variable airflow obstruction occurring in 
      the workplace. The presence of airways inflammation and hyperreactivity provides 
      further evidence for the disease. Since its pathogenic mechanism(s) are unknown, 
      animal models have been developed to investigate the various disease processes, 
      as well as to enable study of environmental and genetic factors which may 
      contribute to disease development. Numerous parameters can be measured in animal 
      systems, including specific and total immunoglobulin E (IgE), pulmonary 
      eosinophilia, diaphragm contractions and airflow muscle hypertrophy. It is 
      recognized that no single factor is sufficient to lead to a conclusion of 
      occupational asthma, but rather that a selected combination of parameters is most 
      fitting. Animal species selected for study have included: mice, rats, 
      guinea-pigs, rabbits, sheep, horses and nonhuman primates. A guinea-pig system 
      has been utilized for more than 90 yrs and has contributed to the basic 
      understanding of physiological and immunological processes involved in allergic 
      respiratory sensitization. The benefits as well as the disadvantages to be 
      derived from each of the animal systems have been enumerated in this review. 
      Certain caveats must be recognized in using animal systems. Attention must always 
      be given to identifying differences which exist between animal and human systems, 
      including morphological, physiological and immunological factors. The extent of 
      bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) differs greatly among animal species 
      and probably plays a major role in development of allergic responsiveness in 
      animals. In using animal systems, it must be appreciated that animals are only 
      surrogates. Results from such studies must be compared with information obtained 
      from clinical evaluation in order to avoid faulty extrapolations. Prudent 
      employment of animal models is expected to advance the recognition, treatment and 
      prevention of occupationally-based asthma.
FAU - Karol, M H
AU  - Karol MH
AD  - Center for Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, University of 
      Pittsburgh, PA.
LA  - eng
GR  - ES 05651/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Eur Respir J
JT  - The European respiratory journal
JID - 8803460
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Asthma
MH  - *Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Occupational Diseases
RF  - 64
EDAT- 1994/03/01 00:00
MHDA- 1994/03/01 00:01
CRDT- 1994/03/01 00:00
PHST- 1994/03/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1994/03/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1994/03/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1183/09031936.94.07030555 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Respir J. 1994 Mar;7(3):555-68. doi: 10.1183/09031936.94.07030555.