PMID- 8214535
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19931108
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 0003-2417 (Print)
IS  - 0003-2417 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 9
DP  - 1993 Sep
TI  - [Organizational forms of emergency medicine in international comparison].
PG  - 623-9
AB  - The tasks of preclinical emergency medicine systems (PEMS) are to stabilize and 
      maintain the vital functions and to guarantee qualified transport to the 
      hospital. Worldwide, different structures exist as a result of historical 
      developments. Legal regulations for PEMS have been introduced in most of the 
      industrialized countries since 1960. More and more aspects have been subject to 
      detailed regulations. PEMS are provided either by state-owned or by 
      state-controlled (private) organisations. In most of the "underdeveloped" 
      countries legal regulations do not exist and PEMS is often provided by social 
      workers, by the army or by volunteers. In most countries, PEMS are financed by 
      the state with a charge on the patient. In a few states PEMS are totally financed 
      by the public health structure. Modern PEMS are controlled from dispatch centres 
      which receive emergency calls (mostly by telephone) and send the appropriate 
      rescue unit. In most states the staff of dispatch centres are paramedics; in some 
      countries and in some urban areas physicians control the dispatch centre. In PEMS 
      without physicians on the scene, an information exchange between the scene and 
      the hospital can be observed frequently, in contrast to systems with physicians 
      on the scene. Worldwide, ground-based PEMS are preferred, but in most countries 
      an additional air rescue system has been established. The quality and quantity of 
      the technical equipment of the ground-based PEMS differ widely: nationwide 
      regulations exist, however, in the USA and Germany. Generally, there are two main 
      concepts concerning the personnel structure: PEMS are either physician based or 
      not. Requirements for emergency physicians differ greatly: in some countries no 
      formal requirements exist, in others extensive practical and theoretical training 
      is required.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
FAU - Lipp, M
AU  - Lipp M
AD  - Klinik fur Anasthesiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz.
LA  - ger
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - English Abstract
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
TT  - Organisationsformen der Notfallmedizin im internationalen Vergleich.
PL  - Germany
TA  - Anaesthesist
JT  - Der Anaesthesist
JID - 0370525
SB  - IM
MH  - Emergency Medical Services/*organization & administration
MH  - Humans
MH  - International Agencies/*organization & administration
RF  - 40
EDAT- 1993/09/01 00:00
MHDA- 1993/09/01 00:01
CRDT- 1993/09/01 00:00
PHST- 1993/09/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1993/09/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1993/09/01 00:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anaesthesist. 1993 Sep;42(9):623-9.