PMID- 8230305
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19931213
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 0098-4108 (Print)
IS  - 0098-4108 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 2-3
DP  - 1993 Oct-Nov
TI  - Novel biomarkers of genetic damage in humans: use of fluorescence in situ 
      hybridization to detect aneuploidy and micronuclei in exfoliated cells.
PG  - 349-57
AB  - Here we describe new techniques that employ fluorescence in situ hybridization 
      (FISH) with centromeric and chromosome-specific DNA probes to detect aneuploidy 
      and micronucleus formation in exfoliated human epithelial cells. Micronuclei 
      arise from chromosome breakage or lagging, which results in chromosome fragments 
      and whole chromosomes being left outside of the main nucleus at telophase. By 
      using a centromeric DNA probe to detect the presence of whole chromosomes in 
      micronuclei and propidium iodide as a general DNA stain in exfoliated nasal, 
      buccal, and bladder cells, we have developed a new fluorescent method that can 
      detect micronuclei and determine the mechanism of formation. The new fluorescent 
      technique gave results that were very similar to those obtained with the standard 
      Feulgen-fast green method. The spontaneous levels of micronuclei in healthy 
      volunteers were buccal, 0.13%, nasal, 0.21%, and urothelial, 0.07%, in 
      approximately 1500 cells per data point. These values are lower than that found 
      in cultured lymphocytes, 0.4-0.8%. Approximately 50% of the exfoliated cell 
      micronuclei contained whole chromosomes (centromeric DNA). FISH was also used to 
      detect aneuploidy in exfoliated buccal and bladder cells. A DNA probe specific 
      for chromosome 9 was used. Average frequencies for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 
      hybridization regions were 4.8, 9.3, 84.8, 0.8, and 0.3% for urothelial cells and 
      8.2, 9.9, 80.1, 1.4, and 0.4% for buccal cells. The estimated frequency of 
      aneuploidy in exfoliated cells is similar to that found in human lymphocytes 
      analyzed by FISH with the same probe for chromosome 9. These techniques are 
      potentially useful for epidemiological studies of exposed populations and are 
      currently being applied in our laboratory for studies of arsenic- and 
      formaldehyde-exposed populations.
FAU - Moore, L E
AU  - Moore LE
AD  - Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public 
      Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
FAU - Titenko-Holland, N
AU  - Titenko-Holland N
FAU - Quintana, P J
AU  - Quintana PJ
FAU - Smith, M T
AU  - Smith MT
LA  - eng
GR  - P42 ES004705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30ES01896/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P42 ES04705/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Toxicol Environ Health
JT  - Journal of toxicology and environmental health
JID - 7513622
RN  - 0 (Genetic Markers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Aneuploidy
MH  - Cheek
MH  - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
MH  - Epithelium
MH  - *Genetic Markers
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Lymphocytes
MH  - Micronucleus Tests
EDAT- 1993/10/01 00:00
MHDA- 1993/10/01 00:01
CRDT- 1993/10/01 00:00
PHST- 1993/10/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1993/10/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1993/10/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/15287399309531800 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Toxicol Environ Health. 1993 Oct-Nov;40(2-3):349-57. doi: 
      10.1080/15287399309531800.