PMID- 8247480
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19940106
LR  - 20190909
IS  - 1040-5488 (Print)
IS  - 1040-5488 (Linking)
VI  - 70
IP  - 10
DP  - 1993 Oct
TI  - The multimeridional apparent frontoparallel plane: introduction of the induced 
      effect.
PG  - 792-803
AB  - The application of vertical rod stimuli to obtain apparent frontoparallel plane 
      (AFPP) settings is well-known. A geometrical relation based on observation 
      distance, interpupillary distance, and retinal disparity determines the deviation 
      of the setting from the objective frontoparallel plane. Further developments of 
      this procedure have established that a similar relation exists for oblique 
      presentations of parallel rod stimuli, the orientation of the rods being an 
      additional variable. This extension of the AFPP procedure is referred to as the 
      multimeridional AFPP or MAFPP. It permits the determination of aniseikonia in 
      oblique as well as horizontal meridians. Although oblique disparities contain a 
      vertical component, an induced effect is absent as long as parallel rod stimuli 
      are used alone. If an induced effect were present, the MAFPP geometrical 
      relations would be expected to break down. To test this hypothesis, random dot 
      arrays and a row of dots of the same frequency as a control stimulus of parallel 
      lines were presented alone and in combination with the line stimuli. Binocular 
      disparities were induced by a meridional afocal magnifier placed at various axes 
      before one eye. It was found that the dot arrays caused a breakdown of the 
      geometrical relation when presented alone or in combination with the parallel 
      lines. The amount of deterioration varied only slightly with the number and 
      arrangement of dot stimuli but increased as the vertical component of the oblique 
      magnification increased. In addition to proving the main hypothesis, the data 
      provide information pertaining to the MAFPP theory as well as offering some 
      insight into the induced effect. The most important practical implication of the 
      results is that the MAFPP theory can be used to measure unknown retinal 
      disparities only if continuous parallel lines are presented in isolation.
FAU - Remole, A
AU  - Remole A
AD  - School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
FAU - Robertson, K M
AU  - Robertson KM
FAU - Johnson, B D
AU  - Johnson BD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Optom Vis Sci
JT  - Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of 
      Optometry
JID - 8904931
SB  - IM
MH  - Aniseikonia/physiopathology
MH  - Depth Perception/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Photic Stimulation
MH  - Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/physiology
MH  - Vision Disparity/physiology
MH  - Visual Perception/*physiology
EDAT- 1993/10/01 00:00
MHDA- 1993/10/01 00:01
CRDT- 1993/10/01 00:00
PHST- 1993/10/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1993/10/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1993/10/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1097/00006324-199310000-00003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Optom Vis Sci. 1993 Oct;70(10):792-803. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199310000-00003.