PMID- 8336679
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19930823
LR  - 20190920
IS  - 0892-0362 (Print)
IS  - 0892-0362 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 3
DP  - 1993 May-Jun
TI  - Behavioral effects of prenatally administered smokeless tobacco on rat offspring.
PG  - 183-92
AB  - Two dosages of Smokeless Tobacco (ST) extract were given to gravid Sprague-Dawley 
      rats by oral gavage on gestational days (GD) 6-20. The low dosage contained ST 
      extract equivalent to 1.33 mg/kg nicotine (STD-1), and the high dosage contained 
      ST extract equivalent to 4.0 mg/kg nicotine (STD-2). Dams were dosed three times 
      daily at 8 a.m., 11 a.m., and 2 p.m., thus providing total daily nicotine 
      equivalent dosages of 4 mg/kg/day and 12 mg/kg/day. Controls received equivalent 
      amounts of distilled water by gavage. Dams were allowed to deliver and all 
      experimental pups were fostered to control mothers. On postnatal day 1 (PND 1) 
      litters were culled to 4 +/- 1 females and 4 +/- 1 males. Weights, physical 
      landmark development, and behavioral performance of pups were monitored during 
      pre- and post-weaning periods. Behavioral tests included: surface righting, 
      negative geotaxis, swimming development, open-field activity, active avoidance in 
      shuttle box, and Cincinnati swimming maze. Our results show that the STD-2 dose 
      resulted in reduced maternal weight gain. Offspring weights were reduced in a 
      dose-related manner, with the most consistent weight deficits seen in the STD-2 
      group until PND29. Consistent STD-1 weight deficits were seen up to PND 8. The 
      incidence of deaths was increased in the STD-2 dosage group. No significant 
      treatment-related differences were observed in development of physical landmarks. 
      Male STD-2 pups righted faster than controls, and significant differences were 
      noted in swimming development with the STD-1 group of pups performing less 
      effectively than controls. Activity levels, assessed during both pre- and 
      post-weaning periods were not affected. No treatment-related differences were 
      seen in the active avoidance shuttle box or Cincinnati swimming maze tests, which 
      assessed learning. Female brain weights were reduced in the STD-1 treatment 
      group.
FAU - Paulson, R B
AU  - Paulson RB
AD  - Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus 
      43210-1241.
FAU - Shanfeld, J
AU  - Shanfeld J
FAU - Vorhees, C V
AU  - Vorhees CV
FAU - Sweazy, A
AU  - Sweazy A
FAU - Gagni, S
AU  - Gagni S
FAU - Smith, A R
AU  - Smith AR
FAU - Paulson, J O
AU  - Paulson JO
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurotoxicol Teratol
JT  - Neurotoxicology and teratology
JID - 8709538
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Avoidance Learning/drug effects
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - Body Weight/drug effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Motor Activity/drug effects
MH  - Nicotine/toxicity
MH  - Organ Size/drug effects
MH  - *Plants, Toxic
MH  - Postural Balance/drug effects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Swimming
MH  - Tobacco, Smokeless/*toxicity
EDAT- 1993/05/01 00:00
MHDA- 1993/05/01 00:01
CRDT- 1993/05/01 00:00
PHST- 1993/05/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1993/05/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1993/05/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 0892-0362(93)90014-F [pii]
AID - 10.1016/0892-0362(93)90014-f [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1993 May-Jun;15(3):183-92. doi: 
      10.1016/0892-0362(93)90014-f.