PMID- 8367299
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19931001
LR  - 20190501
IS  - 0305-1048 (Print)
IS  - 1362-4962 (Electronic)
IS  - 0305-1048 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 16
DP  - 1993 Aug 11
TI  - Problems related to the interpretation of autoradiographic data on gene 
      expression using common constitutive transcripts as controls.
PG  - 3809-19
AB  - The 28S rRNA, a ribosomal RNA, and the ACTB and GAPD mRNAs, coding respectively 
      for beta-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), are 
      frequently presented as controls of modulated gene expression. These transcripts 
      were quantified by replicate slot-blot autoradiography and image analysis in 
      mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts from breast tissues. Each cell-type 
      group comprised strains with different pathological backgrounds, growth rates, 
      antigenic phenotypes and culture histories. The effects of a differentiating 
      agent (cholera toxin) and/or a tumor promoter 
      (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) were also examined. Despite the 
      impression that visual examination of autoradiographs might create, image 
      analysis suggests that 28S rRNA, ACTB and GAPD are substantially and 
      independently influenced by the above biological factors and by the drugs. 
      Therefore, these transcripts represent specifically regulated cellular activities 
      and may not be taken as alternative indicators of the overall transcription rate 
      or of the amount of material being examined. Instead, such nonspecific variation 
      may be accurately measured and removed from quantitative data using a principal 
      component function. A methodology that allows comparison of expression (or 
      amplification) patterns between genes, between experiments or, even, between 
      laboratories is presented with an example of quantification of transcripts 
      related to cell-growth, differentiation, signaling and cancer.
FAU - Spanakis, E
AU  - Spanakis E
AD  - Institut d'Oncologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire Humaine, Bobigny, France.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JT  - Nucleic acids research
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Actins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 28S)
RN  - EC 1.2.1.- (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Actins/genetics
MH  - Autoradiography/*methods
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Data Interpretation, Statistical
MH  - *Gene Expression
MH  - Genetic Variation
MH  - Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases/genetics
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Organ Specificity/genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/analysis
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
PMC - PMC309896
EDAT- 1993/08/11 00:00
MHDA- 1993/08/11 00:01
CRDT- 1993/08/11 00:00
PHST- 1993/08/11 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1993/08/11 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1993/08/11 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1093/nar/21.16.3809 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Aug 11;21(16):3809-19. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.16.3809.