PMID- 8704859
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19960910
LR  - 20190503
IS  - 1351-0711 (Print)
IS  - 1470-7926 (Electronic)
IS  - 1351-0711 (Linking)
VI  - 53
IP  - 3
DP  - 1996 Mar
TI  - Biomarkers of exposure, antibodies, and respiratory symptoms in workers heating 
      polyurethane glue.
PG  - 180-7
AB  - OBJECTIVES: The pathogenic basis of respiratory disorders associated with 
      isocyanates are still obscure. One reason for this is the lack of good estimates 
      of human exposure. In this study exposure was estimated by measurement of 
      isocyanate metabolites in biological samples. METHODS: In a factory using 
      isocyanate based polyurethane (PUR) glue, isocyanate concentrations in air were 
      measured by liquid chromatography. Samples from 174 employees were analysed for 
      metabolites of 4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) in plasma (P-MDX) and 
      urine (U-MDX). After hydrolysis, 4,4'-methylenedianiline was measured by gas 
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The employees were screened for work 
      related respiratory symptoms and tested for specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and 
      IgG antibodies directed against isocyanate conjugated to human serum albumin. 
      RESULTS: The time weighted isocyanate concentrations in air were low (MDI < 
      0.2-7; hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) < 0.1-0.7; 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) 
      < 0.1 microgram/m3). All subjects had detectable P-MDX and U-MDX. There were 
      significant associations between the estimates of exposure to thermal degradation 
      products of an MDI based glue and P-MDX (range < or = 0.10-5.5 micrograms/l); and 
      U-MDX (< or = 0.04-5.0 micrograms/g creatinine); in cases of heavy exposure. 
      P-MDX and U-MDX were associated with each other (r = 0.64; P = 0.0001), work 
      related symptoms (P-MDX: P = 0.03; Mann-Whitney U test), and serum concentrations 
      of MDI specific IgG antibodies (r = 0.26; P = 0.0007). Unexpectedly, high P-MDX 
      and U-MDX concentrations were also encountered in workers cutting textile (P-MDX 
      2.4-4.5 micrograms/l; U-MDX 0.81-3.8 micrograms/g creatinine); the reason is 
      still unknown. Equally unexpected, there were significant negative associations 
      between P-MDX and liver function tests. CONCLUSIONS: The results clearly show the 
      value of biomarkers for isocyanate exposure; in particular, P-MDX is useful. 
      Further, these results show the risk connected with thermal degradation of PUR.
FAU - Skarping, G
AU  - Skarping G
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, 
      Sweden.
FAU - Dalene, M
AU  - Dalene M
FAU - Svensson, B G
AU  - Svensson BG
FAU - Littorin, M
AU  - Littorin M
FAU - Akesson, B
AU  - Akesson B
FAU - Welinder, H
AU  - Welinder H
FAU - Skerfving, S
AU  - Skerfving S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Occup Environ Med
JT  - Occupational and environmental medicine
JID - 9422759
RN  - 0 (Adhesives)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 0 (Isocyanates)
RN  - 0 (Polyurethanes)
RN  - 0 (Serum Albumin)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Adhesives
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biomarkers/analysis
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Female
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - *Hot Temperature
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/blood
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood
MH  - Isocyanates/*adverse effects/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Liver Function Tests
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Occupational Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Polyurethanes/*adverse effects
MH  - Radioallergosorbent Test
MH  - Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced
MH  - Serum Albumin/analysis
PMC - PMC1128441
EDAT- 1996/03/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/03/01 00:01
PMCR- 1996/03/01
CRDT- 1996/03/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/03/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/03/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/03/01 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1996/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1136/oem.53.3.180 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Occup Environ Med. 1996 Mar;53(3):180-7. doi: 10.1136/oem.53.3.180.