PMID- 8739203
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19961127
LR  - 20180213
IS  - 1021-7401 (Print)
IS  - 1021-7401 (Linking)
VI  - 2
IP  - 5
DP  - 1995 Sep-Oct
TI  - Role of the cytokines in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axes.
PG  - 299-312
AB  - Cytokines are soluble mediators of immune function that also regulate several 
      endocrine systems. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha 
      (TNF alpha) each mediate certain aspects of inflammation. In addition, these 
      agents regulate hormone secretion from and cellular proliferation within 
      endocrine tissues. Thus, IL-1 and IL-6 each affect hormone release from anterior 
      pituitary cells (e.g., growth hormone) and inhibit the proliferation of these 
      cells. Cytokines are also localized within discrete nuclei of the hypothalamus 
      (e.g., IL-1 in the paraventricular nucleus), where they may affect production of 
      neuropeptides and biogenic amines (e.g., corticotropin-releasing hormone). 
      Similarly, IL-1 and TNF alpha affect granulosa cell steroidogenesis and IL-6 
      production. Follicular atresia may either be augmented or inhibited by cytokines 
      depending on their ability to regulate cellular apoptosis. Compartmentation of 
      cytokines within adrenal tissue (e.g., IL-6 in the zona glomerulosa) allows 
      localized effects of these factors on glucocorticoid secretion. Thus, cytokines 
      affect via paracrine or autocrine pathways both hormone secretion from, and 
      possibly cellular differentiation within, endocrine tissues.
FAU - Spangelo, B L
AU  - Spangelo BL
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas 89154-4003 USA.
FAU - Judd, A M
AU  - Judd AM
FAU - Call, G B
AU  - Call GB
FAU - Zumwalt, J
AU  - Zumwalt J
FAU - Gorospe, W C
AU  - Gorospe WC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Neuroimmunomodulation
JT  - Neuroimmunomodulation
JID - 9422763
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Glands/*drug effects
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/*drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Ovary/*drug effects
MH  - Testis/*drug effects
RF  - 159
EDAT- 1995/09/01 00:00
MHDA- 1995/09/01 00:01
CRDT- 1995/09/01 00:00
PHST- 1995/09/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1995/09/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1995/09/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1159/000097209 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimmunomodulation. 1995 Sep-Oct;2(5):299-312. doi: 10.1159/000097209.