PMID- 8812055
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19961203
LR  - 20250529
IS  - 1044-7431 (Print)
IS  - 1044-7431 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 1
DP  - 1996 Jan
TI  - Expression patterns of two murine homologs of Drosophila single-minded suggest 
      possible roles in embryonic patterning and in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome.
PG  - 1-16
AB  - The single-minded (sim) gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that functions 
      as a key determinant of central nervous system (CNS) midline development in 
      Drosophila. We report here the identification of two murine homologs of sim, Sim1 
      and Sim2, whose products show a high degree of sequence conservation with 
      Drosophila SIM in their amino-terminal halves, with each containing a basic 
      helix-loop-helix domain as well as a PAS domain. Sim1 maps to the proximal region 
      of mouse chromosome 10, whereas Sim2 maps to a portion of the distal end of 
      chromosome 16 that is syntenic to the Down syndrome critical region of human 
      chromosome 21. Recent exon-trapping studies have identified in the critical 
      region several exons of a human sim homolog which appears to be the homolog of 
      murine Sim2; this has led to the hypothesis that increased dosage of this sim 
      homolog in cases of trisomy 21 might be a causal factor in the pathogenesis of 
      Down syndrome. We have examined the expression patterns of the Sim genes during 
      embryogenesis. Both genes are expressed in dynamic and selective fashion in 
      specific neuromeric compartments of the developing forebrain, and the expression 
      pattern of Sim2 provides evidence for early regionalization of the diencephalon 
      prior to any overt morphological differentiation in this region. Outside the CNS, 
      Sim1 is expressed in mesodermal and endodermal tissues, including developing 
      somites, mesonephric duct, and foregut. Sim2 is expressed in facial and trunk 
      cartilage, as well as trunk muscles. Both murine Sim genes are also expressed in 
      the developing kidney. Our data suggest that the Sim genes play roles in 
      directing the regionalization of tissues where they are expressed. Moreover, the 
      expression pattern documented for Sim2 may provide insights into its potential 
      roles in Down syndrome.
FAU - Fan, C M
AU  - Fan CM
AD  - Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0452, USA.
FAU - Kuwana, E
AU  - Kuwana E
FAU - Bulfone, A
AU  - Bulfone A
FAU - Fletcher, C F
AU  - Fletcher CF
FAU - Copeland, N G
AU  - Copeland NG
FAU - Jenkins, N A
AU  - Jenkins NA
FAU - Crews, S
AU  - Crews S
FAU - Martinez, S
AU  - Martinez S
FAU - Puelles, L
AU  - Puelles L
FAU - Rubenstein, J L
AU  - Rubenstein JL
FAU - Tessier-Lavigne, M
AU  - Tessier-Lavigne M
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF023864
SI  - GENBANK/AF023865
SI  - GENBANK/AF023866
SI  - GENBANK/AF023867
SI  - GENBANK/AF023868
SI  - GENBANK/AF023869
SI  - GENBANK/AF023870
SI  - GENBANK/AF023871
SI  - GENBANK/AF023872
SI  - GENBANK/AF023873
SI  - GENBANK/AF038853
SI  - GENBANK/AF038854
SI  - GENBANK/AF038855
SI  - GENBANK/AF038856
SI  - GENBANK/AF038857
SI  - GENBANK/AF044913
GR  - TGM94000/TI_/Telethon/Italy
GR  - TGM06S01/TI_/Telethon/Italy
GR  - R01 MH4942801/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 MH51561-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K02 MH01046-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Cell Neurosci
JT  - Molecular and cellular neurosciences
JID - 9100095
SB  - IM
EIN - Mol Cell Neurosci 1996 Jun;7(6):519
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*metabolism
MH  - Down Syndrome/*genetics
MH  - Drosophila
MH  - Gene Expression/*genetics
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
EDAT- 1996/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1996/01/01 00:01
CRDT- 1996/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1996/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1996/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1996/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
AID - S1044-7431(96)90001-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1006/mcne.1996.0001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Cell Neurosci. 1996 Jan;7(1):1-16. doi: 10.1006/mcne.1996.0001.